Upper Franconian

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Upper Franconian

Spoken in

Bavaria
Linguistic
classification

Upper Franconian , in Dialektologie usually Oberostfränkisch is a ostfränkischer dialect which is situated east of Bamberg barrier along the Franconian line in the region east of Lichtenfels to Kronach , Kulmbach , Hof and Bayreuth in the Bavarian administrative districts of Upper Franconia (and partly Middle Franconia is spoken) . The main areas of dialect spread are the Upper Mainland and the Franconian Forest . The Hof dialect, however, differs from the others because it is related to the Vogtland dialect.

features

While the Lower (East) Franconian in vocalism has structural similarities with the Bavarian which adjoins it to the south , the Upper (East) Franconian shares these with the Thuringian which adjoins it to the north . The Middle High German vowel series / eː / - / øː / - / oː / in Lower Franconian has developed from the open vowels / ɛː / - / œː / - / ɔː / to the diphthong series / ɛːə / - / œːə / - / ɔːə /, In Upper Franconian, on the other hand, via the raised vowels / iː / - / yː / - / uː / to the diphthong series / iə / - / yə / - / uə /. Characteristic is the monophthonging of the Middle High German vowels / ei /, / œu / and / ou /, which in Upper Franconian led to / aː /, in Lower Franconian on the other hand to / eː / or / ɛː /. In morphological terms, typical for Upper Franconian (and the neighboring South Thuringian) is the occurrence of an "infinitive II", which occurs after the infinitive particle ze and historically goes back to the Middle High German gerund : mache - ze make ("make" - "to make")

Upper Franconian has other peculiarities in common with neighboring dialect groups: the fundamentally soft pronunciation of the consonants / p / and / t / ( internal German consonant weakening ; colloquially differentiated as "hard and soft B and D"), the front tongue R , the partial accusative coincidence and dative , peculiarities of the weak conjugation and the almost complete lack of the simple past .

The Hof dialect, which is spoken in the Hofer Land , shows clear linguistic differences. Many terms from the Vogtland dialect were adopted. This is due to the geographic location and the Vogtland history of the Hofer Land. As a specialty, there is the word hoa [hɔˑ] in Hof and the immediate vicinity , which is used by dialect speakers as a synonym for ja or as an affirmative modal particle and allows the dialect speaker to be recognized by other Hofers outside the Hof area.

Upper Franconian is scientific in the Franconian dictionary and in the Bavarian language atlas. Linguistic Atlas of Northeast Bavaria documented.

The Upper Franconian dialect is rarely heard in the German media. One example is the character of the sergeant Schmidt in the series Der Bulle von Tölz (played by Norbert Mahler ).

literature

Individual evidence

  1. Peter Wiesinger : The division of the German dialects. In: Dialectology. A manual for German and general dialect research. Edited by Werner Besch, Ulrich Knoop, Wolfgang Putschke and Herbert Ernst Wiegand. de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1983, pp. 807-900, here pp. 845 f.
  2. East Franconian Dictionary, Publications: The history of settlements from a linguistic perspective. The Linguistic Geographic Perspective ( Memento of December 8, 2014 in the Internet Archive ).
  3. ^ Wiktor Maximowitsch Schirmunski : Deutsche Mundartkunde. Edited and commented by Larissa Naiditsch. Peter Lang, Frankfurt am Main 2010, p. 584 f.