Oceana (ship, 1913)
 The Oceana
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The Oceana was a cruise ship that Hamburg-American Packetfahrt-Actien-Gesellschaft (Hapag) bought from Italy in 1927 in order to use it for European customers alongside the Resolute and Reliance , which mainly served the American market . From 1934 the Oceana was used for KdF trips of the DAF , to which the ship was also sold in 1938.
Built as a Sierra class passenger and cargo steamer for North German Lloyd , the ship was confiscated by Brazil in 1917 . In 1922 the ship had an accident in the port of Hamburg. The German shipowner Schuppe acquired the ship that had crashed and had it converted into the cruise ship Peer Gynt . Due to financial difficulties, it was sold to Italy.
The Oceana , which was seized by the British in Flensburg in 1945 , was used to transport troops and prisoners and was hit by a mine in the North Sea in October 1945 . After repairs, it was given to the Soviet Union in 1946.
history
The Sierra Salvada built near Bremen's volcano was the fourth of the new passenger and cargo steamers of the Sierra class with which North German Lloyd attempted from 1912 to gain a higher share of passenger traffic to South America. On March 1, 1913 , the Sierra Salvada carried out its maiden voyage to Argentina with a passenger facility for 115 passengers in the first class and 74 in the second class as well as a tween deck capacity for 1200 emigrants . The 8227 GRT combined ship had a carrying capacity of 8800 tdw. Driven by two triple expansion steam engines of 4200 hp, the ship ran 13 knots and required a crew of 160.
The Sierra Salvada was established in August 1914 in Rio de Janeiro launched and were seized in 1917 by the Brazilian government. You got going as Avaré for Lloyd Brasileiro . It was used on the route from Brazil to Hamburg after the war. The Avaré capsized on June 22, 1922 while undocking in the Hamburg Vulcan shipyard . 39 men were killed.
The ship, which was lifted two months later, was laid up and, after being repaired and converted - now with two funnels - went into service in July 1924 as Peer Gynt for the shipping company Viktor Schuppe, Stettin, which she used on cruises for up to 284 passengers.
The Peer Gynt set sail from Stettin on August 15, 1924 for the first trip to Norway, which was followed by another on September 4. Then she was transferred to Hamburg, where a four-week Mediterranean voyage began on September 17th. In 1925 the ship was mainly used in the Mediterranean. Despite massive efforts to get the press to praise his ship, Schuppe did not succeed and he sold the ship to Italy in December 1926. There she was in Neptunia renamed but came back in September 1927 as Oceana the HAPAG again under German flag.
Use of the Oceana
The purchased ship was renamed Oceana and was the third Hapag ship of this name. The first Oceana was a cargo steamer that was taken over by the Kingsin Line and was only used briefly in 1903/1904. The second Oceana was the British steamer Scot , bought in 1905 , which was only used for luxury voyages because of its yacht-like appearance. Initially intended for travel in the Mediterranean and for luxury travel on the Nile , it was mainly used for cruises to the West Indies after the loss of Princess Victoria Luise off Jamaica. In 1911 it was sold again.
After conversion at Blohm & Voss , the new Oceana continued to be used in the Mediterranean and had (like the Lützow of Norddeutscher Lloyds already in the previous year) a Junkers F 13 float plane on board, with which passengers could take sightseeing flights in the ports of call. In 1928, she carried out five trips to the Mediterranean Sea (some as far as the Black Sea), three trips to Norway and in August a 17-day trip to the Baltic Sea for HAPAG.
After that, from 5. – 30. September offered an “Atlantic cruise” from Hamburg via Southampton, Portugal, Madeira to Tenerife and back via North Africa, Spain and the Isle of Wight. The term "cruise" is said to have been used for the first time for this trip. Similar programs were offered in the following years.
The HAPAG cruise ship carried out KdF trips for the German Labor Front (DAF) from 1934, now with up to 700 passengers. In 1938 the ship was also sold to DAF. She took part in the so-called 1. Madeira trip of the DAF, in which on March 15, 1935 from Hamburg the Sierra Cordoba (II), the Der Deutsche ex Sierra Morena , the Stuttgart and the St. Louis also took part. In addition to short trips to Norway and longer trips to the Atlantic, Mediterranean trips from Genoa were also offered from autumn 1935, where the Oceana was relocated in winter. In June 1939, the Oceana was part of the DAF fleet, which brought the Condor Legion back from Spain.
War effort and further fate
As a 1939 houseboat of the Navy, the Oceana was in Gdingen (then Gotenhafen ), later in Stettin . With marines and over 1000 refugees on board, the Oceana reached the western Baltic Sea on January 31, 1945. In 1945 she was taken into service by the British in Flensburg as a transporter from June 22nd and ordered into the Firth of Forth. The Oceana was anchored there until October 1945, taking in the crews of the German ships confiscated by the British and directed into the Firth of Forth. On October 13, 1945, she suffered near Helgoland with German internees on board in the domestic transport to Hamburg at the position 54 ° 0 ' N , 7 ° 52' O a mine hit . It was brought in and repaired in Hamburg and was supposed to come back into service as Empire Tarne .
In 1946, however, it was given to the Soviet Union. Renamed Sibir , the ship was one of the first large ships to be repaired in Warnemünde and provided with ice reinforcement. In October 1948 she ran out as a troop transport to Vladivostok in the Far East. There served as a depot ship on the Pacific coast. The former Sierra Salvada was launched in 1958 and scrapped in 1963.
literature
- Arnold Kludas : The History of the German Passenger Shipping Volume III Leap growth 1900 to 1914 , Writings of the German Shipping Museum, Volume 20
- Arnold Kludas: The History of German Passenger Shipping Volume IV Destruction and Rebirth 1914 to 1930 , Writings of the German Shipping Museum, Volume 21
- Arnold Kludas: The History of German Passenger Shipping Vol. V An era comes to an end from 1930 to 1990 , writings of the German Maritime Museum, volume 22
- Arnold Kludas: The ships of the North German Lloyd 1857 to 1919 . Koehlers Verlagsgesellschaft, 1991, ISBN 3-7822-0524-3 .
- Claus Rothe: German ocean passenger ships 1896 to 1918 . Steiger Verlag, 1986, ISBN 3-921564-80-8 , pp. 139f.
- Stefan Grossmann: Mediterranean trip . In: The day book . Vol. 7, No. 10, 1926, pp. 372-374.
Web links
- Sierra Salvada in Schiff-Maxim (accessed February 7, 2013)
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