Oksana Steschenko
Oksana Mychajliwna Steschenko ( Ukrainian Оксана Михайлівна Стешенко ; born January 12 . Jul / 24. January 1875 greg. In Kiev , Russian Empire ; † 1942 in the Kazakh SSR ) was a Ukrainian children's book author and translator. She was the wife of Ivan Steschenko and a representative of the "executed rebirth" .
Life
Oksana Steschenko came on January 24, 1875 as the younger sister of Lyudmyla Staryzka-Tschernjachiwska in Kiev (other sources name Karpiwka ( Карпівка ) in today's Kremenchuk district of the Ukrainian Poltava Oblast as the place of birth and Karpiwka in the Podolia Governorate is named as the place of birth).
Oksana grew up in a family of the intelligentsia with a Ukrainian identity. Her father was the Ukrainian cultural activist and writer Mychajlo Staryzkyj and her mother Sofia was the sister of the Ukrainian composer, pianist and conductor Mykola Lysenko . In 1892 Oksana graduated from high school in Kiev. Together with her friend Lesja Ukrajinka and her sister Lyudmyla she took part in the Pleiades meetings and worked with her father and her sisters in the literary and artistic society of Kiev.
In 1897, at the age of 22, after taking part in a demonstration against the repression that drove Maria Fedosjewna Wetrowa to her death, she was detained in Lukianivska Prison for two weeks . Ivan Steschenko , who was sitting in the neighboring cell, confessed his love for her in the prison yard and they decided to get married as soon as they were released from prison.
After being released and married, her husband was not allowed to teach or work in university towns, including Kiev. They earned their living on the estates of Mykola Sadowskyj and Marija Sankowezka and occasionally visited Kiev, where in August 1898 they took part in the congress of the illegal society Young Ukraine , from which various Ukrainian political parties were later formed.
After her return to Kiev, Ivan Steschenko worked in the management of the Südwestbahn and in the Kiev city council , as he was still prohibited from teaching . The couple also took an active part in revolutionary underground work and extensive public work, which did not prevent Oksana from becoming the mother of two children: Iryna (1898–1987), a future actress and translator, and Jaroslaw (1904–1939), who became a bibliographer in the 1920s and died in Siberian camps in the late 1930s.
Since the Steschenkos' public and journalistic work did not go unnoticed, their apartment was searched by the police on January 24, 1906, Oksana's birthday, but nothing suspicious was found. At the beginning of the First World War , Ivan Steschenko worked as a director at the so-called Tetyaniv high school for refugee children and Oksana worked as a grief nurse ( сестрою-жалібницею ) in the hospital. After the February Revolution and the Ukrainian March 1917, Ivan became General Secretary for Education and Science of the General Secretariat of the Ukrainian Central Na Rada , i.e. Education Minister of the Ukrainian People's Republic . During this time, Oksana worked under the direction of her husband in the department of extracurricular education and the commission of the Ukrainian National Theater. In Poltava her husband was fatally wounded by two gunshots on the night of July 29th to 30th, 1918. Oksana, now a widow, continued to work in the People's Republic as the director of children's homes in the department for extracurricular education. Between 1919 and 1923 she worked for the Ukrainian Red Cross.
Even before her husband died, she published the children's book "Ridni koloski", in which she collected the best works of Ukrainian literature. Further editions of the book followed in 1917, 1918, 1923 and 1924. During the following years a collection of Колоски життя (1924, 1925) appeared. In the 1920s and early 1930s she wrote numerous prose and poetry books for children, including Як Юрко подорожував на Дніпрові пороги Jak Jurko podoroschuwaw na Dniprovi porohy , in German Wie Jurko traveled to the rapids of the Dnieper .
Oksana Steschenko also translated several of her father's historical novels, which he had to publish in Russian due to the Ems decree , into Ukrainian (including Кармалюк Karmaljuk ). She also translated some poems by Nikolai Nekrasov and in 1939 Mikhail Evgrafowitsch Saltykow-Shchedrin's novel Frau Golovljowa into Ukrainian.
On July 20, 1941, she and her sister Lyudmyla Staryzka-Tschernjachiwska, with whom she shared an apartment, were arrested by the NKVD and taken to Kharkiv , where the sisters were charged and convicted of anti-Soviet activities under Article 54 of the Criminal Code of the Ukrainian SSR were. The sisters were then deported to Kazakhstan in a freight wagon on the same train as the writer and orientalist Ahatanhel Krymskyj , among others . Her sister Ljudmyla died during the transport and her lifeless body was thrown from the train by the escort staff. Oksana survived the grueling journey and probably died in 1942 in a Soviet gulag in Kazakhstan .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i Oksana Steschenko: Valkyrie with a black braid on ukrlife ; accessed on August 4, 2020 (Ukrainian)
- ↑ a b c Entry on Oksana Steschenko in the Ukrainian Soviet Encyclopedia ; accessed on August 4, 2020 (Ukrainian)
- ↑ Entry on Steshenko, Oksana in the Encyclopedia of Ukraine ; accessed on August 4, 2020
- ↑ Anatoly Medzyk: Mykhailo Starytsky and His Descendants. on day.kyiv.ua of September 17, 2002; accessed on August 4, 2020 (Ukrainian)
- ↑ a b c Victim of repression Oksana Steschenko, daughter of Mychajlo Staryzkyj, lived until old age in camps in Kazakhstan on kreschatic.kiev.ua ; accessed on August 4, 2020 (Ukrainian)
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Steschenko, Oksana |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Steschenko, Oksana Mychajliwna (full name); Стешенко, Оксана Михайлівна (Ukrainian) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Ukrainian children's author and translator |
| DATE OF BIRTH | January 24, 1875 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Kiev , Russian Empire |
| DATE OF DEATH | 1942 |
| Place of death | Kazakh SSR |