Ophiocordyceps nutans

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Ophiocordyceps nutans
Fruit bodies of Ophiocordyceps nutans on the carcass of a stink bug species in Thailand.

Fruit bodies of Ophiocordyceps nutans on the carcass of a stink bug species in Thailand.

Systematics
Class : Sordariomycetes
Subclass : Hypocreomycetidae
Order : Crust ball mushrooms (Hypocreales)
Family : Ophiocordycipitaceae
Genre : Ophiocordyceps
Type : Ophiocordyceps nutans
Scientific name
Ophiocordyceps nutans
( Pat. ) GH Sung , JM Sung , Hywel-Jones & Spatafora

Ophiocordyceps nutans is a parasitic species of fungus from the order of the spheroidal mushrooms thatgrowson stink bugs .

features

Macroscopic features

The simply built stroma arises from the host's back, a stink bug . It has a 5 to 9 centimeter long and 0.4 to 0.8 millimeter thick, slightly curved, black-brown stem . The head is clearly distinguishable from the stem, sausage-shaped (allantoid) or narrowly cylindrical and colored red, orange or orange-yellow. It is 6 to 17 × 3 to 5 millimeters in size.

Microscopic features

The actual fruiting bodies, the perithecia, are completely embedded in the stroma . Their walls are translucent ( hyaline ), they are narrowly egg-shaped to conical or bottle-shaped, light yellow to brownish yellow and are 550 to 800 × 130 to 200 micrometers in size. According to other authors, however, they are only 380 to 520 × 180 to 320 micrometers in size. The tubes (asci) are long club-shaped, slightly swollen at the apex and are 150 to 300 (up to 780) × 6 to 6.5 micrometers in size with eight spores each . The spores are thread-like, with many septa . They break open into 5 to 10 × 1 to 1.3 micrometers large cylindrical or slightly barrel-shaped partial spores.

Ecology and diffusion

Ophiocordyceps nutans parasitizes on various types of stink bugs (Pentatomidae) in deciduous forests . Within the stink bugs, the species occurs mainly on Lelia decempunctata . Earlier statements that the species were found on other families of the bedbugs are considered disproved. The fungus is found in its secondary fruit form (formerly Hymenostilbe nutans ) on the host plants of the bedbugs, from which it then seems to infect the animals. The fungus itself is in turn parasitized by the fungus Polycephalomyces yunnanensis .

The species is widespread. In Asia it occurs in China in the provinces of Zhejiang , Henan , Anhui , Hainan , Guangdong , Guizhou and Guangxi , but also in India ( Western Ghats ), Taiwan, Thailand, Japan, Korea, Indonesia, Malaysia and Papua New Guinea. Finds from South America (Colombia, Brazil, Peru), Central America (Panama, Costa Rica), Africa (Ghana, Madagascar) and Europe (Belgium) are also known.

meaning

Ophiocordyceps nutans is being tested for biological pest control of the marbled stink bug ( Halyomorpha halys ), which was invasively introduced from East Asia.

Systematics

Ophiocordyceps nutans , like all core clubs , has long been placed in the genus Cordyceps within the Clavicipitaceae . It was first described in 1887 by Narcisse Théophile Patouillard as Cordyceps nutans . In 2007 the core clubs were divided into three genera in two different families by Sung Gi-ho , Sung Jae-mo , Nigel L. Hywel-Jones and Joseph W. Spatafora . Ophiocordyceps nutans is part of the Ophiocordycipitaceae. The minor fruit form is called hymenostilbe nutans .

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Zhishu Bi, Guoyang Zheng, Li Taihui: The Macrofungus Flora of China's Guangdong Province . Chinese University Press, 1993, ISBN 962-201-556-5 , pp. 734 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  2. ↑ a b c d e Ophiocordyceps nutans (Pat.) GH Sung, JM Sung, Hywel-Jones & Spatafora. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on December 1, 2017 ; accessed on November 24, 2017 (English). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / cordyceps.us
  3. ↑ Fumito Sasaki, Toshizumi Miyamoto, AkiYamamoto, Yutaka Tamai, Takashi Yajima: Morphological and genetic characteristics of the entomopathogenic fungus Ophiocordyceps nutans and its host insects. In: Mycological Research . tape 112 , no. 10 , 2008, p. 1424-1442 , doi : 10.1016 / j.mycres.2008.04.008 ( sciencedirect.com ).
  4. ↑ NAMERA C. Karun, KR Sridhar: Incidence of entomophagous Medicinal fungus, Ophiocordyceps nutans on Stink Bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål) in the Western Ghats of India. In: Journal of Biological Control . tape 27 , no. 2 , 2013, ISSN  0971-930X , p. 139-143 ( researchgate.net ).
  5. ↑ Wang YB, Yu H, Dai YD, Chen ZH, Zeng WB, Yuan F, Liang ZQ: Polycephalomyces yunnanensis (Hypocreales), a new species of Polycephalomyces parasitizing Ophiocordyceps nutans and stink bugs (hemipteran adults). In: Phytotaxa . tape 208 , 2015, p. 34-44 , doi : 10.11646 / phytotaxa.208.1.3 .
  6. ↑ a b Kandikere R. Sridhar, Namera C. Karun: Observations on Ophiocordyceps nutans in the Western Ghats. In: Journal on New Biological Reports . tape 6 , no. 2 , 2017, p. 104-111 ( researchgate.net ).
  7. ↑ GH Sung, NL Hywel-Jones, JM Sung, JJ Luangsa-Ard, B. Shrestha et al: Phylogenetic classification of Cordyceps and the clavicipitaceous fungi. In: Studies in Mycology. 57, 2007, pp. 5-59. doi: 10.3114 / sim.2007.57.01 .
  8. ^ Mycobank: Ophiocordyceps nutans . Retrieved November 24, 2017 .

Web links

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