Schönborn Palace (Göllersdorf)
| Schönborn Castle | ||
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| Creation time : | 1712-1717 | |
| Conservation status: | Received or received substantial parts | |
| Place: | Goellersdorf | |
| Geographical location | 48 ° 28 '19 " N , 16 ° 8' 37" E | |
| Height: | 196 m above sea level A. | |
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Schönborn Palace is a baroque palace southeast of the market town of Göllersdorf and northeast of the city of Stockerau in the Hollabrunn district in Lower Austria , 25 km north of Vienna .
history
Melchior Friedrich Graf von Schönborn-Buchheim , Imperial and Electoral Mainz Privy Council and Vice Domus to Aschaffenburg , where he the Schönborner yard was built, acquired in 1710 the mediation of his son Friedrich Carl von Schönborn , the then living in Vienna imperial vice chancellor of the (soon extinct ) Counts of Puchheim (or Buchheim) the lordships of Göllersdorf , Mühlberg and Aspersdorf in Lower Austria. The existing renaissance castle with a late medieval core was not used for long; today it serves as the Göllersdorf prison .
The new Schönborn Palace was built between 1712 and 1717 as a summer residence for Friedrich Carl Graf von Schönborn. He lived in Vienna, where he had the Secret Court Chancellery (today's Federal Chancellery) built as the official residence from 1717–1719 ; From 1723–1730 he also supervised the new building of the Reichshof Chancellery wing of the Vienna Hofburg , where he mostly lived. He also had the Blauer Hof in Laxenburg redesigned for himself privately and built the Schönborn Palace (Laudongasse) in Vienna in 1706 ; In 1715 he also acquired the Weyerburg estate . In 1740 he redesigned the Schönborn-Batthyány Palace in Renngasse in Vienna. In 1729 he was elected Bishop of Bamberg and in 1734 also Prince-Bishop of Würzburg . Only years later did he leave Vienna and move to his dioceses, where he had completed the Würzburg residence and had Werneck Castle built from 1733–1745 .
The Mihlberg Fortress was previously on the site of the new castle. Master builder Johann Lucas von Hildebrandt built a three-wing complex with an extensive palace park , orangery and palace chapel . A pavilion in the orangery was decorated with frescoes by Jonas Drentwett in 1715 . At the time, Salomon Kleiner produced series of drawings showing the layout of the system for documentation purposes. Hildebrandt built a Johannes Nepomuk chapel in the palace gardens from 1729–1733 . Little has been preserved of the castle's original room decorations.
His nephew Eugen Erwein Graf von Schönborn-Buchheim zu Heussenstamm (1727–1801), who lived in Vienna and neglected the castle, was heir to the Prince-Bishop as majorate. Since he had no son, the Austrian majorate and the Franconian county Heusenstamm fell to the son of a cousin, Hugo (1739-1817). He lived in the Schönborner Hof (Mainz) , in the Franconian castles Wiesentheid , Pommersfelden and in Vienna and also hardly used the castle. It was only when his sons divided up the estates that the Austrian line of the Schönborn family , who still own the castle today , came into being with Franz Philipp von Schönborn-Buchheim (1768–1841) .
At the end of the war in 1945 , the family had moved most of the castle's inventory to the west and were themselves in St. Gallenkirch in the Montafon. Only the old Countess Elise stayed behind, she died in early July. The Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien relocated many valuables to the upper rooms of the palace. During the last weeks of the war, when the front was only a few kilometers away, many rooms were used as military hospitals for the German Wehrmacht. 18 German and two Russian soldiers were buried in the pheasant garden. Units of the SS and the Russian army have looted.
The castle has been magnificently renovated.
The castle park, an idiosyncratic complex designed by Hildebrandt and Maximilian von Welsch , has a size of around 104 hectares, some with old trees. In the park there is also the Nepomuk Chapel , also a work by Hildebrandt. Despite the conversion to a golf course, the park is one of the most important garden architectural monuments in Austria and is mentioned in the Monument Protection Act ( No. 22 in the appendix to Section 1, Paragraph 12 of the DMSG ).
meaning
Schönborn Castle is the successor to the old Buchheim Mühlburg and therefore has the essence of a noble residence. The newly built palace of the Reich Vice Chancellor provides the representative setting for a court because of its exterior and interior fittings . This is supported by the rooms inside the castle, the main hall, the stairwell, the galleries, the vestibules and the apartments. According to the model of the large princely residences , a sequence of rooms regulated according to rank determines the division of the interior of the palace. The residence claim is expressed through the arrangement of the rooms in the palace building and the related reference to Clagny Palace near Versailles . Similarly, Schönborn Palace was designed as the residence of Count Schönborn, not an official residence of the Imperial Vice Chancellor.
In addition to the function of a "mansion with estate management" and the residence, the Count Schönborn Palace is also primarily available as a private and hunting palace, to which the pheasantry and the associated gardens are evidence. Friedrich Carl did not hold court in Göllersdorf as the owner of the Reich Chancellery, but as a private person.
modification
With the acquisition of the rule, Friedrich Carl von Schönborn finally succeeded in entering the Austrian nobility. Such a status had to be maintained and maintained by preserving old traditions and caring for the old mansions. That is why the foundation walls of the former Mühlburg found their way into the conversion to the castle and were incorporated into the floor plan. With this consideration, too, the count set his architectural monument in line with the Austrian nobility.
The remains of the wall can be recognized by their increased thickness in the building findings. The inner courtyard, which looks narrow and oppressive, is grossly disproportionate to the otherwise so broad outer courtyard. Hildebrandt had drawn two different plans for Göllersdorf Castle, which are known in literature as Projects I and II. Project I represented a modern wing system with two floors. The courtyard front should be decisive for the courtyard system through a broad and risalit-like design. Stables should be separated from the actual castle and surround an independent outer castle courtyard.
If, on the one hand, financial and economic considerations prevented the implementation of Project I, the decisive and more important reason was the tradition-consciousness of the Counts von Schönborn to include older components of the previous building in the redesign.
Project II, which was implemented, took over the layout position of the inner courtyard of the old Mühlburg. This expresses the claim to a contemporary and spacious castle complex and a mansion.
In autumn 1712 the building was restored, its interior design restructured and given a new roof. The stucco work in the hall was finished in the summer of 1713 , and another twelve rooms were provided with stucco until autumn. Two pavilions were added to the three-wing core structure . For the interior decoration of the castle, the frescoes in the Sala terrena were painted in July 1714, in the chapel and in the library in June 1715 by Jonas Drentwett .
In autumn 1716 the castle was completed and the masons were called in to build the orangery. This extensive complex also comes from Hildebrandt himself, is the main work of garden architecture and itself forms a small ensemble that takes up the layout of the main building. It lies on slightly elevated terrain. It is a rectangular complex of single-storey buildings that enclose two courtyards.
An undated engraving of the Schönborn castle prospectuses shows that the castle building in its current appearance was created in at least two construction phases. The three-wing complex appears to be connected to the outer wing wings only by gateways, which swing out in a quarter circle with gate towers over their central axes and thus frame the basin .
use
The castle is still owned by the family (Friedrich Karl Schönborn-Buchheim senior). The Schönborn-Buchheim estate administration is housed in the outbuildings. The family themselves live at Weyerburg Castle .
The property served as a filming location for the girls' boarding school for the TV series The Defiant Head (year of publication: 1983) with Anja Schüte in the lead role. The television production is based on the books of the same name, The Defiant Head and Defiant Heads Bridal Time by Emmy von Rhoden.
In 1989 a golf course ( Schloss Schönborn golf course ) with 27 holes was opened in the 104 hectare park , which has won various international awards. Two thirds of the facility are located in the palace park area and fit harmoniously into the historic park area. The Schloß Schönborn Golf Club uses the renovated castle as a clubhouse with a restaurant.
literature
- Helmut-Eberhard Paulus: The orangery of Schönborn Palace in Göllersdorf and its iconological interpretation . In: Die Gartenkunst 15 (1/2003), pp. 28–52.
Web links
- History of the castle
- Pictures of the castle
- Entry via Schönborn Castle to Burgen-Austria
- Schloß Schönborn Golf Club
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Géza Hajós; Matthias Cremer (Ill.): Historical gardens in Austria: forgotten total works of art. Austrian Society for Historical Gardens, Böhlau Verlag Vienna, 1993, ISBN 978-3-205-98095-7 , The Schloßpark von Schönborn near Göllersdorf, pp. 105-110 limited preview in the Google book search.