Pneumoviridae

Pneumoviridae
Respiratory syncytial virus in the TEM
Systematics
Classification : Viruses Area : Riboviria Empire : Orthornavirae Phylum : Negarnaviricota Subphylum : Haploviricotina Class : Monjiviricetes Order : Mononegavirals Family : Pneumoviridae
Taxonomic characteristics
Genome : (-) ssRNA linear Baltimore : Group 5 Symmetry : helical Cover : available
Scientific name
Pneumoviridae
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NCBI  Taxonomy: 11244 ViralZone ( ExPASy , SIB): 7877 ICTVdB Virus Code : 01.048.2

The virus family Pneumoviridae (formerly subfamily Pneumovirinae of the family Paramyxoviridae ) includes viruses within the order Mononegavirales (negative-stranded RNA viruses). They used to be differentiated from the subfamily Paramyxovirinae , because despite common family characteristics they are clearly different from other species of the old family Paramyxoviridae in important properties . This special position is also shown by the sequence comparison of the genomes with different members of the Paramyxoviridae . The phylogenetic analysis based on it led to the establishment as a new virus family.

Differentiation within the virus family

The following properties of the Pneumoviridae differ from the Paramyxovirinae :

• smaller nucleocapsid (13-14 nm versus 18 nm in diameter) and an additional nucleocapsid-associated protein M2-1
• additional RNA regulatory protein M2-2
• strong O- glycosylation of the surface protein G
• smaller open reading frames (ORFs)
• the viral RNA polymerase is encoded in only one ORF and is not subject to any RNA editing
• no necessary RNA length divisible by 6 as in the Paramyxoviridae
• No neuraminidase or hemagglutinin activity of the surface proteins (exception: coat protein of the murine pneumonia virus )
• the surface protein G of the Pneumoviridae has no structural similarity to the HN and N proteins of the Paramyxovirinae . The glycoprotein G is highly variable between the species and also between individual isolates.

Systematics

As of November 2018, the ICTV family is structured as follows:

• Family Pneumoviridae
  • Genus Orthopneumovirus (formerly: Pneumovirus )
    • Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV, en. Human orthopneumovirus ) (type A, B, ...) - respiratory tract infection , cold
    • Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (BRSV, en. Bovine orthopneumovirus ) - affects cattle
    • Murine orthopneumovirus (en. Murine orthopneumovirus ) - affects mice
  • Genus metapneumovirus
    • Human metapneumovirus (HMPV, en. Human metapneumovirus ) (type A1 to 2, B1 to 2) - respiratory tract infection , cold , also affects chimpanzees and gorillas
    • Avian metapneumovirus (AMPV, en. Avian metapneumovirus ) - infects birds

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ICTV Master Species List 2018b v1 MSL # 34, Feb. 2019
2. ↑ ^{a b} ICTV: ICTV Taxonomy history: Akabane orthobunyavirus , EC 51, Berlin, Germany, July 2019; Email ratification March 2020 (MSL # 35)
3. ↑ Bhella D, Ralph A, Murphy LB, Yeo RP: Significant differences in nucleocapsid morphology within the Paramyxoviridae . Journal of General Virology (2002) 83, 8: 1831-1839
4. ↑ Kolakofsky D, Roux L, Garcin D, Ruigrok RW: Paramyxovirus mRNA editing, the "rule of six" and error catastrophe: a hypothesis . Journal of General Virology (2005) 86.7: 1869-77 (review)
5. ↑ Bastien N, Liu L, Ward D, Taylor T, Li Y: Genetic variability of the G glycoprotein gene of human metapneumovirus . Journal of Clinical Microbiology (2004) 42 (8): 3532-3537
6. ↑ SIB: Orthopneumovirus
7. ↑ SIB: Metapneumovirus , on: ViralZone
8. ↑ Nadja Podbregar: Coronavirus: Are great apes also endangered? On: scinexx.de from March 30, 2020.
9. ↑ Elle Hunt: Orangutans and other great apes under threat from covid-19 pandemic , on: NewScientist, April 2, 2020