Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus
| Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus | ||||||||||||||||||||
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| Bovine orthopneumovirus | ||||||||||||||||||||
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| BRSV | ||||||||||||||||||||
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The bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV, English bovine orthopneumovirus ) is a virus - species from the family Pneumoviridae , genus Orthopneumovirus (formerly family Paramyxoviridae , subfamily Pneumovirinae ). In its antigenetic properties and based on the sequence comparisons of its genome, it is very closely related to the human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV, human orthopneumovirus ) from the same genus. The BRSV was only found in cattle , although it can also be grown in vitro in human cell cultures . Serologically, the two virus species show a cross reaction . BRSV strains have also been isolated from goats and sheep without being associated with any disease. It is still unclear whether the BRSV can also be transferred to humans; a relationship between the incidence of respiratory syncytial viruses in humans and cattle can at least not be observed. Conversely, after experimental transmission, the HRSV can trigger a mild respiratory disease in calves .
illness
An infection with BRSV leads to inflammation of the airways and respiratory mucous membranes, especially in calves and young cattle. An infection disrupts the cilia formation of epithelial cells , which leads to an impairment of the removal of dirt particles and bacteria (mucociliary clearance) from the deep airways. The virus is transmitted via direct airborne droplet infection and indirect smear infection . Once infected, the infected animal sheds the virus for up to 3 weeks.
The infection with BRSV is acute, mild to symptom-free and spreads within a herd to up to 80–100% of all animals, even when kept in a stable. The disease begins with an increased temperature or a fever of up to 42 ° C, tachypnea and usually no or reduced discharge of mucus from the nose. A dyspnea with neck stretched and Stöhnlauten, decreased food intake and subcutaneous emphysema in the shoulder and neck area may join. The lethality is between 20 and 30% and is particularly high the younger the cattle are.
Combat
The survived infection leaves only a very short immunity of 2 to 3 months; If older animals are reinfected, the infection is mild to symptom-free, although the clinically healthy animal sheds the virus and can thus infect other animals. In the absence of stable immunity, the calves are not protected by the cow's colostral antibodies. An attenuated virus vaccine has been available for cattle since 1978 . For prophylaxis includes mandatory hygienic improvement of pig housing and environmental conditions of the animals and the stress prevention in pole groups .
swell
- Lamb, R.A., Collins, P.L. et al .: Subfamily Pneumovirinae . In: C. M. Fauquet, M. A. Mayo et al. : Eighth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses , London, San Diego, 2004, pp. 665f
- H. Liebermann: Textbook of veterinary virology, Stuttgart 1992
Individual evidence
- ↑ ICTV Master Species List 2018b.v2 . MSL # 34, March 2019
- ↑ a b ICTV: ICTV Taxonomy history: Akabane orthobunyavirus , EC 51, Berlin, Germany, July 2019; Email ratification March 2020 (MSL # 35)