Otto Scherzer (physicist)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Otto Scherzer (born March 9, 1909 in Passau ; † November 15, 1982 in Darmstadt ) was a German theoretical physicist .

Life

Above Rudolf Hilsch and Otto Scherzer, in front Erich Hückel , 1935 in Stuttgart

Otto Scherzer was born in 1909 as the son of Chief Postmaster Konrad Scherzer and his wife Josephine. Fischer born in Passau. From 1915 to 1919, he then attended elementary school in Passau, the Oberrealschule Passau and Oberrealschule Kempten , where he made 1927 the Abitur. Scherzer studied physics at the TH Munich from autumn 1927 and from autumn 1929 for four semesters at the Ludwig Maximilians University (LMU) in Munich . Arnold Sommerfeld was his doctoral supervisor at LMU ; he received his doctorate there on December 16, 1931 with summa cum laude. His dissertation dealt with the quantum theory of bremsstrahlung . From December 1930 to March 1932 he was an assistant at the Institute for Theoretical Physics. From April 1, 1932 to December 31, 1935, Scherzer was Carl Ramsauer's assistant at the AEG research institute . There he dealt with electron optics . He completed his habilitation from in November 1934, and was a lecturer and assistant Sommerfeld at LMU

Physics and electrical engineering portal of the Technical University in Darmstadt

In the summer semester of 1935, Scherzer went to the TH Darmstadt and represented the professorship for theoretical physics, which was occupied by Hans Baerwald until his expulsion . There he became a full professor and head of the Institute for Theoretical Physics on April 30, 1936.

In a study published in 1936 showed work Scherzer that the aberrations of a rotationally symmetric static and space-charge-free lens for electron beams can not be eliminated by how the right design of the lens for optical lenses. This theorem became known as Scherzer's theorem . In 1947 Otto Scherzer published another article on this, in which he presented various options for correcting electron optical lenses. Scherzer's work provided important foundations for the development of electron microscopes .

Scherzer became a member of the SA on October 1, 1933 . After the membership ban was lifted, he also joined the NSDAP on May 1, 1937 . He was also a member of the National Socialist German Lecturer Association (NSDDB).

From September 5, 1939 to the end of April 1945, Scherzer worked on the radar at the communications test command of the Navy. His last rank was Marine Senior Construction Officer of the Reserve. In correspondence with Sommerfeld of 2 December 1944, he reported on war damage in Darmstadt and described his work on radar. From July 1, 1944 to April 30, 1945, Scherzer was head of the radio measurement technology department in the Reich Research Council , which planned basic and applied research centrally in the Reich Ministry of Education.

On May 1, 1945, Scherzer was taken prisoner by the Americans, which lasted until April 30, 1946. Since he had been dismissed as a professor since October 1945 and was initially unable to take up this position again, he worked from August 1946 to April 1947 as a scientific advisor at the South German Laboratories in Mosbach . This institute, headed by his friend Ernst Brüche , worked on the development and manufacture of electron microscopes . He then went to the American Army Intelligence Laboratory in Fort Monmouth, NJ

In an initial denazification procedure, Otto Scherzer was classified as a "fellow traveler" by the Darmstadt Chamber of Justice in October 1946 and was punished for 1,500 Reichsmarks. He took action against this classification and in a second procedure was classified as exonerated by the Frankfurt Chamber of Justice in June 1947. After that, he was able to be reinstated as a professor, so that with effect from January 1, 1949, he was appointed associate professor for theoretical physics at the TH Darmstadt. In connection with a call to Cologne in 1952, the position was reallocated to a full professor on October 1, 1954. Scherzer co-founded the Society for Heavy Ion Research in the 1960s. Scherzer headed the electron optics group in the Institute for Applied Physics at the TH Darmstadt. The aim of the electron-optical experiments was the construction and testing of a spherically and chromatically corrected electron microscope that allows the imaging of the atoms in molecules and crystals. (Scherzer 1977, p. 185)

Otto Scherzer was released on March 31, 1977. The professorial position was not filled at the TH Darmstadt. However, his work was successfully continued by his student Harald Rose .

Scherzer had been married to Elisabeth Sindel since February 1934. The marriage resulted in four daughters.

Awards

  • 1983: Microscopy Society of America: Distinguished Scientist Award, Physical Sciences

Fonts

  • with E. Fractions: Geometric Electron Optics: Fundamentals and Applications. Springer, 1934.
  • About some defects of electron lenses. In: Journal of Physics. Volume 101, number 9-10, 1936, pp. 593-603.
  • Spherical and chromatic correction of electron lenses. In: Optik 2. 1947, pp. 114–132.
  • The Theoretical Resolution Limit of the Electron Microscope. In: Journal of Applied Physics. Volume 20, Issue 1, 1948, pp. 20-29.
  • A descriptive derivation of the Lorentz transformation. In: Physics. Bl. 4 (1948), pp. 53-56.
  • Illustrative facts about the twin paradox. In: Physics. Bl. 16 (1960), pp 149-153.
  • Physics in the totalitarian state. In: Andreas Flitner (ed.), German Spiritual Life in National Socialism , Tübingen 1965, pp. 47–58.
  • Proceedings ICEM-9. Volume 3, 1978, pp. 123-129.

literature

  • Friedrich Beck and Harald Rose: On the death of Professor Otto Scherzer, in: TH Darmstadt intern, No. 12/1982, p. 1.
  • Friedrich Beck: Otto Scherzer: Wegbereiter der Elektronoptik, in: Physikalische Blätter, 39th year, 1983, No. 2., p. 50.
  • Klaus Hentschel (eds.) And Ann M. Hentschel (ed. And translation): Physics and National Socialism: An Anthology of Primary Sources. Birkhäuser, 1996.
  • Otto Scherzer: Physics in Darmstadt, in: 100 Years of the Technical University of Darmstadt 1976/77, Darmstadt 1977, pp. 181–192.

Web links

Commons : Otto Scherzer  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

swell

  1. ^ Mathematics Genealogy Project: Otto Scherzer - Dr. phil. Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, 1931. Dissertation: About the radiation when protons and fast electrons slow down
  2. ^ Arnold Sommerfeld to Munich, U ,. In: Sommerfeld Project. November 27, 1931. Retrieved October 27, 2018 .
  3. ↑ Klaus Hentschel , 1966, Appendix F, p. XLV and Appendix D, p. XII.
  4. ↑ Manfred Efinger: Scherzer, Otto. In: Stadtlexikon Darmstadt. Historical Association for Hesse e. V., accessed on May 6, 2019 .
  5. ↑ Kirkpatrick, Paul; Address of Recommendation by Professor Paul Kirkpatrick, Chairman of the Committee on Awards. In: American Journal of Physics. 17, 5, 1949, pp. 312-314. In this article the following students of Sommerfeld are named: William Houstoun , Karl Bechert , Otto Scherzer, Otto Laporte , Linus Pauling , Carl Eckart , Gregor Wentzel , Peter Debye , and Philip Morse .
  6. ↑ Klaus Hentschel, 1966, Appendix F, p. XLV.
  7. ↑ Scherzer, Otto: About some errors from electron lenses , Zeitschrift für Physik Volume 101, number 9-10, pp. 593-603 (1936) cited in Peter Hawkes: The Long Road to Spherical Aberration Correction . In: Biology of the Cell . tape 93 , 2001, p. 432-439 , doi : 10.1016 / S0248-4900 (01) 01155-8 .
  8. ↑ Scherzer, Otto: Spherical and chromatic correction of electron lenses , Optik 2 114–132 (1947), cited in Peter Hawks - Recent Advances in Electron Optics and Electron Microscopy ( Memento of January 24, 2005 in the Internet Archive ) (pdf) and in Peter Hawkes: The Long Road to Spherical Aberration Correction . In: Biology of the Cell . tape 93 , 2001, p. 432-439 , doi : 10.1016 / S0248-4900 (01) 01155-8 .
  9. ↑ Klaus Hentschel, 1966, Appendix F, p. XLV.
  10. ↑ Otto Scherzer to Arnold Sommerfeld. In: Sommerfeld Project. December 2, 1944. Retrieved October 27, 2018 .
  11. ^ The Reich Research Council was founded in March 1937 by Bernhard Rust , Reich Minister for Science, Education and National Education
  12. ↑ Klaus Hentschel, 1966, Appendix B, p. VII and Appendix F, p. XLIV.
  13. ↑ Klaus Hentschel, 1966, Appendix F, p. XLV, Appendix B, pp. V-VII.
  14. ↑ Klaus Hentschel, 1966, Appendix F, p. XLV.
  15. ^ MSA Distinguished Scientist Award. Microscopy Society of America, accessed October 27, 2018 .
personal data
SURNAME Scherzer, Otto
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German physicist
DATE OF BIRTH March 9, 1909
PLACE OF BIRTH Passau
DATE OF DEATH November 15, 1982
Place of death Darmstadt