Pēteris Stučka
Pēteris stučka ( Russian : Пётр Иванович (Янович) Стучка , German : Peter Stucka , and Pyotr Ivanovich Stuchka ) (* July 14 . Jul / 26. July 1865 . Greg Pakuli ; † 25. January 1932 Moscow ) was a Latvian lawyer and Politician . In the meantime he was Prime Minister of the communist part of Latvia in 1919 and from 1923 to 1932 the first People's Commissar of Justice of the USSR .
Life
Stučka was born on July 14, 1865 as the son of a teacher on the Pakuli estate in the municipality of Koknese (German: Kokenhusen ) not far from the current town of Aizkraukle (German: Ascheraden ) in what was then the Livonian governorate .
After Stučka graduated from high school in 1884, he studied at the law faculty at St. Petersburg University . During this time he was confronted with revolutionary ideas and began reading illegal literature. After completing his studies in 1888, Stučka led the publication of the Latvian daily newspaper ( Lat .: Dienas lapa ) together with the Latvian poet Rainis (Jānis Pliekšāns) from October 18 until his arrest in 1897 . He was married to Dora Pliekšāne, Rainis's sister.
After graduating from university, Stučka worked as a lawyer and became an active leader of the Latvian intelligentsia .
From 1895 Stučka became involved in the social democratic movement, which called itself " New Current " (Lat .: jaunstrāvnieki ). Because of his active work for the revolutionary ideas Stucka was arrested in 1897 and for five years in the exile to the province of Vyatka sent.
After returning from exile, he continued to run his law firm . In 1904 he became a member of the Central Committee of the Latvian Social Democratic Party and in 1906 a member of the Social Democrats of the Latvian Region . He participated in the Russian Revolution from 1905 to 1907. As a result, he defended mainly arrested revolutionaries as a lawyer .
From 1911 to 1914 Stučka delivered articles for the Bolshevik newspapers "Zvezda" (Russian: Звезда - "star") and " Pravda " (Russian: Правда - "truth"). He took an active part in the February Revolution of 1917 and became the leader of the Bolsheviks in Latvia. He justified the need for the state unification of the autonomous Latvia with Russia .
With the October Revolution of 1917, Stučka became the first People's Commissar for Justice.
From January 15, 1919, he was President of the Latvian Soviet Republic and created a constitution based on the model of the RSFSR , with which the Latvians should lead the common struggle against the foreign imperialists “in the closest fraternal alliance”. The short time of his government was characterized above all by terror against so-called class enemies . Due to the catastrophic supply situation - food was confiscated and sent to Russia - he also lost the support of the lower social classes. On May 22, 1919 he fled Riga with his government and controlled only a small area in Latgale . From March 6, 1919 to January 13, 1920 he was chairman of the Latvian Communist Party . On that day, the council government, which had already been driven out of Latvia, resigned. This paved the way for a peace treaty between the Soviet Union and the Republic of Latvia , the later Peace of Riga .
In 1920 he directed the publication of the first encyclopedia “State and Law” in Moscow . He significantly influenced the drafting of criminal law , the code of criminal procedure, labor law and family law in the USSR.
From January 1923 until his death, Stučka served as the first chairman of the Supreme Court of the USSR.
After Stučka's death, his urn was buried on the Kremlin wall in Moscow.
Name bearer
- From 1958 the University of Latvia was named "Pēteris Stučka Latvian State University".
- In Latvia, the town of Aizkraukle, which was only renamed in 1991, was known as Stučka until then.
- In the GDR , the 55th Polytechnic High School in Rostock was called "Peter Stucka".
literature
- Dienas Lapa of October 18, 1888 (PDF - in old Latvian spelling; 1.0 MB) for the first time with Stutschka as the responsible editor
- Stutschka, Peter: The problem of class law and class justice ; Hamburg: C. Hoym Nachf .; 1922
- Stučka, Pēteris: The Revolutionary Role of Law and State / Transl. U. Inlet by Norbert Reich ; Frankfurt a. M .: Suhrkamp; 1969
Web links
- Literature by and about Pēteris Stučka in the catalog of the German National Library
- Stučka biographies (Russian)
- Article Pēteris Stučka in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia (BSE) , 3rd edition 1969–1978 (Russian)
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Stučka, Pēteris |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Stucka, Peter; Пётр Иванович Стучка |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Latvian lawyer and politician |
| DATE OF BIRTH | July 26, 1865 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Pakuli |
| DATE OF DEATH | January 25, 1932 |
| Place of death | Moscow |