Schwerin Palace

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Schwerin Palace
View from Molkenmarkt onto the Palais with the two side wings.  At the right edge of the picture the old coin

View from Molkenmarkt onto the Palais with the two side wings. At the right edge of the picture the old coin

Data
place Berlin center
builder Jean de Bodt
Construction year after 1690
Coordinates 52 ° 30 '57.6 "  N , 13 ° 24' 31.7"  E Coordinates: 52 ° 30 '57.6 "  N , 13 ° 24' 31.7"  E

The Palais Schwerin is a historic city palace in the Mitte district of Berlin . The Molkenmarkt  1 building, which dates from the Baroque period , is on the Berlin list of monuments and is now the seat of the Franco-German Youth Office .

location

The building is located opposite the Nikolaiviertel on the eastern side of the Mühlendamm street, right next to the Alte Münze (Mühlendamm 3).

history

Schwerin Palace in 1742

The aristocratic palace was probably built after the great fire in 1690. In 1698 it was bought by the Prussian Minister of State Otto von Schwerin , who presumably had it rebuilt from 1702 to 1704 by Jean de Bodt , a Huguenot in Prussian service. The cartouche above the main entrance shows the Order of the Black Eagle that Schwerin received in 1701.

After the Count's death (1705), the palace was probably used or rented by the heirs. The Russian-Imperial Minister Pyotr Grigoryevich Tschernyschow had his Berlin residence there from 1741 to 1746. In 1764 the heirs sold the palace, which was briefly owned by the court gold stickers Pally and Kolbe. In 1765, the Palais went into state-Prussian ownership as the General Tobacco Administration . In 1787 the tobacco monopoly fell and the Royal Chamber of Stamp and Cards moved in. In 1822 the palace became the headquarters of the general widow's catering establishment, in 1829 the criminal deputation of the city court (criminal court ) and later also a prison . From 1882 the building was also used by the police headquarters. The city ​​bailiwick was nearby . For a long time the Palais Schwerin was a synonym for the "jail" par excellence, until in 1889 the uses were relocated to the police headquarters in Alexanderplatz , built by Hermann Blankenstein . Until 1910 the building served various purposes, including the administration of justice.

In the 1920s, the Prussian state rented the palace to a furniture store.

Demolition, reconstruction and use

Coin frieze on the
Old Mint ( Mühlendamm  3)

In the course of the rebuilding of the Reichsmünze (today: Alte Münze ), the Schwerin Palace was largely gutted in 1937/38 while retaining the front facade, reshaped and expanded by two side buildings (north: Molkenmarkt 2, south: Mühlendamm 1) in the same architectural style, but not, as often claimed, offset backwards. The building ensemble of Palais Schwerin and Mühlendamm 3 (today's Alte Münze ) now formed a unit. The Mühlendamm 3 building received a copy of the frieze created by Johann Gottfried Schadow for the Alte Münze on Werderscher Markt ( Unterwasserstraße ) as a decorative element .

From 1951 the building complex served as the seat of the State Art Commission of the GDR , then until the fall of the Wall for the Ministry of Culture and the Central Mint of the GDR. The minting of German coins began on July 16, 1990 .

In 2010, the Berlin Mint and rooms for the Federal Commissioner for the Stasi Records were located in the parts of the building on the banks of the Spree and on Spandauer Strasse .

See also

literature

  • Gernot Ernst, Ute Laur-Ernst: The city of Berlin in printmaking 1570-1870, Vol. 2 . 1st edition. Lukas-Verlag, Berlin 2009, ISBN 978-3-86732-055-9 , pp. 292 f .
  • Günter Stahn: Berlin. The Nikolaiviertel. Berliner Wissenschafts-Verlag, Berlin 2003.
  • Uwe Kieling, Johannes Althoff: The Nikolaiviertel . Berlin Edition, Berlin 2001.
  • Benedikt Goebel: The conversion of old Berlin into a modern city center. Publishing house Braun, Berlin 2003.

Web links

Commons : Palais Schwerin  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. Molkenmarkt 1–3 monument, Palais Schwerin, 1704 by Jean de Bodt; Coin, 1936–1942 by Fritz Keibel and Arthur Reck
  2. Royal. Stamp and card chamber, Molken -Markt 3 . In: Karl Neander von Petersheiden: Illustrative tables , 1801, p. 136.
  3. ↑ Whey Market No. 3: Royal building. General Widows Casse . In: CF Wegener: House and General Address Book of the Royal. Capital and residence city Berlin , 1822, part 3, p. 275.
  4. Criminal Deput. d. Stadtg., Molkenmarkt 3 . In: General housing indicator for Berlin, Charlottenburg and surroundings , 1830, p. 115.
  5. “On the 16,000 square meter open space created by the demolition of the police headquarters, Krögelhof, Stadtvogtei and six residential and commercial buildings in Stralauer Straße 32 by 1942, the Reichsmünze was built according to a design by Fritz Keibel and Arthur Reck. […] The facade of Palais Schwerin at Molkenmarkt 1 was not - as many claimed - torn down and rebuilt a few meters behind the historical building line, but integrated into the new Reichsmünze building at the old location. The old palace was completely gutted between spring 1937 and October 1938, as it would be called today, so that little more than the facade has been preserved. One of the few preserved spoils is the wooden main staircase from the 18th century, which was taken over into the new building, enriched by numerous swastikas in the carving of the railing. The plastic facade decoration of the Palais Schwerin was replaced by copies. ”In: Benedikt Goebel: The conversion of old Berlin to a modern city center , Verlagshaus Braun Berlin 2003, ISBN 3-935455-31-3
  6. ^ Palais Schwerin / Münze . In: District lexicon of the Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein