Paul Graf von Hoensbroech

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Paul Graf von Hoensbroech

Paul Kajus Graf von Hoensbroech (born June 29, 1852 at Haag Castle near Geldern , † August 29, 1923 in Berlin ) was a German lawyer , philosopher and temporarily Jesuit , after his conversion he became a fighter against ultramontane Catholicism .

Earlier life

He was the son of Count Franz Egon von Hoensbroech (1805–1874) and his wife Mathilde Huberta, Freiin von Loë (1821–1903). The father, a great friend and benefactor of the Jesuits, gave the order its Dutch country residence Schloss Bleijenbeek as asylum in 1872 after it was expelled from Germany .

At the age of nine, Hoensbroech came to the Stella Matutina educational institution (Jesuit college) in Feldkirch in Vorarlberg , and attended the lower and upper prima of the grammar school in Mainz from 1869 to 1872 under the special supervision of the Bishop of Mainz, Wilhelm Emanuel Freiherr von Ketteler , who was a cousin of his mother was. Hoensbroech studied philosophy for one year in the English Jesuit college of Stonyhurst , then in Germany for three years in Bonn and Göttingen law . In Bonn he became an active member of the K.St.V. Arminia , in Göttingen of the KStV Winfridia, both in the KV . In 1875 he had interrupted his studies to join the Jesuits as a novice. However, they did not consider it suitable. After the legal traineeship, Hoensbroech worked for a year in the Prussian judicial service and traveled to England , France , Portugal , Spain , Italy and North Africa .

Jesuit order

In 1878 Hoensbroech - probably through the intervention of Pope Leo XIII. - Admitted to the Jesuit order as a novice and was ordained priest in 1886 by the Bishop of Liverpool in Ditton Hall . His field of work was church history, especially the history of the pope. It should prove the necessity of the Papal State for the freedom of the Pope. At the same time, Hoensbroech was commissioned to settle in Berlin in order to prepare the ground there for a Jesuit settlement. He should at the University enroll leave and some lectures prove to awaken the illusion that he considers himself only for study in Berlin. On behalf of his order, Hoensbroech eagerly studied Protestant theology in order to refute it. That led to terrible internal struggles. In the autumn of 1888 Hoensbroech entered the tertiary in Portico near Liverpool , the third probationary period after completing the academic years. Exercises should give him clarity about himself. If he should not succeed in recognizing and overcoming the doubts in faith as temptations, he wanted to leave the church and order. After completing his tertiary education, Hoensbroech returned to Exaten in Holland in the summer of 1890, knowing that he had to break with the order and the church.

Next life

In 1892 Hoensbroech left the Jesuit order, converted to Protestantism in 1895 and in the same year married Gertrud Lettgau (1868–1937), whose father was a senior judicial councilor and senate president at the royal court in Berlin. His hopes for a district office did not come true. In 1897 Hoensbroech was elected to the central board of the " Evangelical League ", to which he belonged for a while. In 1898, Hoensbroech headed the “ Daily Rundschau ” for eight months and from October 1902 to March 1907 published the magazine “Germany, monthly for the entire culture” in conjunction with well-known men of science and literature. He was one of the leading members of the Anti-Ultramontane Reich Association .

Later on, Hoensbroech moved away from Protestantism again, but without resigning.

In addition to his fight against the Catholic Church and the Jesuit order , Hoensbroech showed himself to be an ardent nationalist and propagated extreme war aims during the war from 1914 to 1918. After the war he attacked the abdicated Kaiser Wilhelm II as a coward and called for the overthrow of the republic.

Quote

" It is an undisputed truth that for centuries the popes have been at the forefront of a system of murder and robbery that slaughtered more lives than any war or plague" in the name of God and Christ. The way of the papacy is one of horror and horror. To the right and left it is lined with thousands of pyres and thousands of scaffolds. The flames crackle up to the sky. "

- Paul Graf von Hoensbroech, (1852-1923)

Publications

  • The Papal State in its Dogmatic and Historical Significance (1889)
  • Why shouldn't the Jesuits return to Germany? (1890)
  • Spirit of St. Francis Xavier (1891)
  • The Prussian Yearbooks, Professor Harnack and the Jesuits (1891)
  • Professor Tschackert and the authentic laws of the Jesuit order (1891)
  • Christ and Anti-Christ (1892)
  • Modern Jesuitism . Walther, Berlin 1893 ( digitized version )
  • My resignation from the Jesuit order (1893)
  • Ultramontane Services (1895)
  • The Roman Question (1895)
  • Contemporary German Jesuits and Confessional Peace (1896)
  • Religion or Superstition (1896)
  • Ultramontanism, its nature and how to combat it (1897)
  • The papacy in its socio-cultural effectiveness (1900–1902)
  • The Catholic Criticism of My Work (1902)
  • The end justifies the means', shown as a Jesuit principle (1904)
  • The Syllabus (1904)
  • Modern State and Roman Church (1906)
  • Rome and Center (1907)
  • 14 years Jesuit (1909 f./1923), see also edition 1912, 2nd volume  - Internet Archive
  • Rome and the center, at the same time a representation of the political claims to power of the three last Popes Pius IX, Leo XIII and Pius X (1910)
  • Wilhelm II. Abdication and flight. A word of warning and teaching . (1919) 3rd ed. Online  - Internet Archive
  • The essence of Christianity (1920)
  • The Jesuit Order , 2 volumes (1926/27)

See also

literature

Web links

Commons : Paul Graf von Hoensbroech  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Remarks

  1. ^ Genealogical page on Paul von Hoensbroech
  2. ↑ Herbert Gottwald : Anti-Ultramontaner Reichsverband (AUR) . In: Dieter Fricke u. a .: Lexicon on party history. The bourgeois and petty bourgeois parties and associations in Germany 1789–1945. Vol. 1, Leipzig / Cologne 1983, pp. 89-93.
  3. ↑ 1001 aphorisms
  4. ^ Quote from Count Paul von Hoensbroech, philosopher ( Memento from September 27, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
personal data
SURNAME Hoensbroech, Paul Graf von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Hoensbroech, Paul Kajus Graf von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German lawyer, philosopher and Jesuit, opponent of ultramontane Catholicism
DATE OF BIRTH June 29, 1852
PLACE OF BIRTH Haag Castle near Geldern
DATE OF DEATH August 29, 1923
Place of death Berlin