Pavel Mikhailovich Nikiforov

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Pavel Mikhailovich Nikiforov ( Russian Павел Михайлович Никифоров * June 5 . Jul / 17th June  1884 greg. In St. Petersburg ; † 12. November 1944 in Moscow ) was a Russian geophysicist , seismologist and university teachers .

Life

Nikiforov's father was a hairdresser at the St. Petersburg Imperial Theaters and worked mainly at the Mariinsky Theater . After his early death in 1900, his widow got his job there. Nikiforov successfully attended the Humanistic Gymnasium and began studying at the Imperial University of St. Petersburg in 1902 in the natural science department of the physics - mathematics faculty . From 1905 he was also a student in the mathematics department.

After graduating in 1908, Nikiforov worked as the scientific secretary of the permanent central seismological commission of the Academy of Sciences (after the October Revolution Academy of Sciences of the USSR (AN-SSSR), since 1991 Russian Academy of Sciences (RAN)) under the direction of Boris Borisovich Golitsyns and in the Physical Cabinet of the Commission (until 1921).

From 1923 Nikiforow worked in the Institute for Applied Mathematics . In 1924 he became head of the seismological department of the Physico-Mathematical Institute of the AN-SSSR and the seismological observation network of the AN-SSSR. From 1926 he headed the chair of geophysics at the University of Leningrad . In 1928 he became the founding director of the Moscow Seismological Institute of the AN-SSSR and remained so until his death. In 1932 he became a member of the CPSU and a corresponding member of the AN-SSSR. In 1933 he became a professor at the Leningrad Mining Institute .

The focus of Nikiforov's scientific work was the development of sensitive measuring methods for studying the structure of the earth . 1921–1923 he was one of the first to investigate the Kursk magnetic anomaly by means of variation measurements . In 1924 he developed a gravitational variometer of his own design, with which he made gravimetric measurements in the Urals (1924). in Krivoy Rog (1925) and in Central Asia and the Crimea (1928). He developed a small, lightweight seismograph of his own design with high sensitivity for registering near earthquakes . He organized the systematic observation of earthquake activity in the USSR with a network of earthquake monitoring stations in the Crimea, the Caucasus and Central Asia. This resulted in the first earthquake map of the USSR in 1935 . To study the earth's crust and identify oil deposits , he developed a seismological method that was based on the observation of waves triggered by an explosion . Under Nikiforov's direction, the first standards for earthquake-proof construction were developed in the USSR.

Nikiforow became a member of the Bureau International de Géophysique Appliquée in Madrid (1926), the Seismological Society of America (1927), the Commission Seismique Internationale in Strasbourg (1927) and the German Physical Society (1927).

On June 13, 1944, Nikiforov received the Order of the Red Labor Banner .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Great Soviet Encyclopedia : Никифоров Павел Михайлович.
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h А. В. Козенко: Никифоров Павел Михайлович (к 125-летию со дня рождения) . In: ВЕСТНИК ОНЗ РАН . tape 1 , NZ2002, 2009, p. 1–4 , doi : 10.2205 / 2009NZ000002 ( wdcb.ru [PDF; accessed October 3, 2018]).
  3. ↑ Abram Fjodorowitsch Joffe : Павел Михайлович Никифоров (Некролог) . In: Вестник AH CCCP . No. 11-12 , 1944.
  4. ↑ Большая российская энциклопедия: НИКИ́ФОРОВ Павел Михайлович (accessed October 3, 2018).
  5. ↑ RAN: Никифоров Павел Михайлович (accessed October 3, 2018).
  6. ↑ Горная энциклопедия: НИКИФОРОВ Павел Михайлович (accessed October 3, 2018).
personal data
SURNAME Nikiforov, Pavel Mikhailovich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Никифоров, Павел Михайлович (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian geophysicist, seismologist and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH June 17, 1884
PLACE OF BIRTH St. Petersburg
DATE OF DEATH November 2, 1944
Place of death Moscow