Nonanal

Structural formula
General
Surname	Nonanal
other names	Nonyl aldehyde; Pelargon aldehyde; NONANAL ( INCI ) ;
Molecular formula	C 9 H 18 O
Brief description	colorless to yellowish liquid
External identifiers / databases
EC number	204-688-5
ECHA InfoCard	100.004.263
PubChem	31289
ChemSpider	29029
Wikidata	Q419668
properties
Molar mass	142.24 g mol −1
Physical state	liquid
density	0.83 g cm −3
Melting point	−18 ° C
boiling point	195 ° C
Vapor pressure	35 Pa (25 ° C)
solubility	practically insoluble in water (20 ° C)
Refractive index	1.4273 (20 ° C)
safety instructions
GHS labeling of hazardous substances Caution
H and P phrases	H: 315-319-412
	P: 280-302 + 352-304 + 340-305 + 351 + 338-312
	As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions . Refractive index: Na-D line , 20 ° C

Nonanal ( Pelargonaldehyde , Nonylaldehyde ) is an aldehyde and a colorless to slightly yellowish, water-insoluble liquid with a flowery, rose-like, citrus-like odor. This aldehyde occurs naturally as a component of various essential oils , e.g. B. lemon or cinnamon oil .

Since nonanal tends to oxidize during storage , it is advisable to keep the substance as cool as possible in fully filled vessels or to use it in the form of a 10% ethanolic stock solution.

Manufacturing

The preparation of nonanal may be synthetically prepared by reduction of pelargonic acid in the gas phase, or by catalytic hydrogenation of the oleic acid ozonide effected. Another possible synthesis is based on undecylenic acid , which is converted to nonanal in various reduction and oxidation steps.

properties

Nonanal forms flammable vapor-air mixtures at high temperatures. The compound has a flash point of 75 ° C. The ignition temperature is 200 ° C. The substance therefore falls into temperature class T4.

use

Nonanal is found in medicines and fragrances .

Health hazard

Nonanal irritates the eyes, respiratory organs and the skin.

Due to its boiling point of approx. 201 ° C, nonanal is one of the volatile organic compounds . Due to its irritating effect, nonanal is considered in connection with indoor air. However, biological materials (such as wood ) can also be used as emitters .

Individual evidence

↑ Entry on NONANAL in the CosIng database of the EU Commission, accessed on April 17, 2020.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Entry on Nonanal in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on August 21, 2017(JavaScript required) .
↑ Patrizia Ferraboschi, Morteza Nasr Azadani, Enzo Santaniello, Susanna Trave: Reactions of periodate under homogeneous and phase-transfer conditions: examples of new oxidations of unusual groups , Synthetic Communications 16 , 1986 , 43-50.
↑ David R. Lide (Ed.): CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics . 90th edition. (Internet version: 2010), CRC Press / Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton, FL, Physical Constants of Organic Compounds, pp. 3-398.
^ ^A ^b E. Brandes, W. Möller: Safety-related parameters - Volume 1: Flammable liquids and gases , Wirtschaftsverlag NW - Verlag für neue Wissenschaft GmbH, Bremerhaven 2003.

[CosIng-1] Entry on NONANAL in the CosIng database of the EU Commission, accessed on April 17, 2020.

[GESTIS-2] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Entry on Nonanal in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on August 21, 2017(JavaScript required) .

[Ferraboschi-3] Patrizia Ferraboschi, Morteza Nasr Azadani, Enzo Santaniello, Susanna Trave: Reactions of periodate under homogeneous and phase-transfer conditions: examples of new oxidations of unusual groups , Synthetic Communications 16 , 1986 , 43-50.

[CRC90_3_398-4] David R. Lide (Ed.): CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics . 90th edition. (Internet version: 2010), CRC Press / Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton, FL, Physical Constants of Organic Compounds, pp. 3-398.

[Brandes-5] A ^b E. Brandes, W. Möller: Safety-related parameters - Volume 1: Flammable liquids and gases , Wirtschaftsverlag NW - Verlag für neue Wissenschaft GmbH, Bremerhaven 2003.