Pentti Eskola (geologist)

Pentti Eskola ( Pentti Eelis Eskola ; born January 8, 1883 in Lellainen, Honkilahti , Turku-Pori province ; † December 6, 1964 in Helsinki ) was a Finnish mineralogist and geologist . As a trained chemist, he applied the fundamentals of this science to crystalline rocks in order to advance the understanding of their formation. The most important result of his research was the concept of metamorphic facies , an important idea for understanding the rocks of the earth's crust .

Life

Eskola, a farmer's son, studied chemistry at the University of Helsinki , received his doctorate in 1915 at the Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg and then specialized in the field of petrology . He dealt with metamorphic rocks - especially in the basement mountains of Scandinavia and England - and proposed in 1914 to correlate metamorphic events using characteristic minerals. He introduced the term metamorphic facies at this time, based on the facies term of the Swiss geologist Amanz Gressly , which, however, only referred to the characteristics of sedimentary rocks . Before that, Eskola had researched with Victor Moritz Goldschmidt in Oslo for a year in 1919 .

In 1921 he went to Washington, DC for two years to work at the Carnegie Institution's geophysical laboratory , including on rocks on the north shore of Lake Huron . He also worked for the Geological Survey of Canada in 1922. In 1916 he became a lecturer at the University of Helsinki and was professor of geology and mineralogy from 1924 to 1953. In 1926 he became director of the Institute of Geology at the University of Helsinki. In 1940 he was elected a member of the Leopoldina .

Honors and prizes

• 1948 Corresponding member of the Heidelberg Academy of Sciences
• 1951 member of the National Academy of Sciences
• 1951 Penrose Medal from the Geological Society of America
• 1958 Wollaston Medal from the Geological Society of London
• 1962 Leopold von Buch badge
• 1964 Vetlesen Prize from the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory
• The mineral eskolaite was named after him. The same applies to the Eskola Cirque , a mountain basin in the East Antarctic Coatsland .

Works

• 1914: On the Petrology of the Orijärvi Region in Southwestern Finland. In: Bull. Comm. geol. Finlande . Volume 40
• 1920: The mineral facies of rocks. In: Norsk Geol. Tidsskr. Volume 6, pp. 143-194
• 1921: On the Eclogites of Norway.
• 1939: The formation of the rocks. Reprint 1970 (with Thomas FW Barth and with Carl Wilhelm Correns )
• 1946: crystals and rocks. A textbook of crystal science and general mineralogy. Springer, Vienna
• 1948 The problem of mantled gneiss domes. In: Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society . Volume 104, No. 1-4, pp. 461-476

Web links

• Literature by and about Pentti Eskola in the catalog of the German National Library
• M. Ewings: The Vetlesen Prize - Biography Pentti Eelis Eskola (1883 - 1964). Short biography for the award of the Vetlesen Prize. Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory 2004
• Subdivision according to the concept of metamorphic facies. Learning portal for the mineral and rock determination internship at the Free University of Berlin
• Raymond Bonnett, Akiho Miyashiro: Metamorphic petrology. Chapter 7: The concept and system of metamorphic facies. CRC Press, 1994, p. 184 ff. (English)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Uppslagsverket Finland: Eskola, Pentti  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
2. ↑ Short biography in Kirtley F. Mather A sourcebook in geology 1900-1950 , Cambridge / Massachusetts 1967, there is an excerpt from Eskola's The mineral facies of rocks from 1920
3. ^ Eskola The mineral facies of rocks , Norsk Geolog. Tidskrift, Volume 6, 1920, p. 143
4. ↑ Biography of Eskola by D. Dineley  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
5. ↑ The Vetlesen Prize - Acceptance Speech, Pentti Eelis Eskola, March 25, 1964 ( Memento of the original from November 23, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
6. ↑ Eskola, Pentti Eelis (1883-1964). ( Memento of the original from October 26, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
7. ^ Members of the HAdW since it was founded in 1909. Pentti Eskola. Heidelberg Academy of Sciences, accessed on July 12, 2016 . 
8. ↑ Eskolait. Raman Spectroscopy Database, University of Arizona (pdf; 71 kB)