Horse tower

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Horse Tower 2012
Painting of the horse tower by Paul Koken around 1880
Postcard with the horse tower as an excursion café around 1898, below the historical situation in 1868;
multicolored lithograph from A. Harbers & Brager
Postcard of the Waldwirtschaft horse tower by Karl Friedrich Wunder , around 1900
Postcard of the Waldwirtschaft horse tower by Karl Friedrich Wunder , after 1905

The horse tower is a late medieval watch tower of the city of Hanover from the 14th century, which was part of the Hanoverian Landwehr . The former marshalling yard and today's storage yard , the adjoining ice stadium at the horse tower and a nearby exit of the Messeschnellweg are named after the tower at the Eilenriede city ​​forest .

Location and description

The horse tower is located in the Kleefeld district on Scheidestrasse, an extension of the four-lane Hans-Böckler-Allee road. A few meters from the tower is the ice rink on the horse tower . In the immediate vicinity is the horse tower crossing of the Messeschnellweg , named after the tower , which was built in 1950.

The tower has an almost square floor plan with a side length of about four meters. The lower area consists of rubble stones up to a height of 3.8 meters . Above that, there are additional storeys in brick construction . In 1892 the tower was given a half-timbered floor with a pointed roof.

history

The tower was built in 1387 as a guard tower of the Hanoverian Landwehr on the section between Hanover and Misburg . To the south and north of the tower there are still well-preserved sections of the Landwehr with moat and wall in the Eilenriede. The Landwehr protected the medieval city as an advanced border security and fortification system. Like the other Landwehr towers (including Lister Turm , Döhrener Turm , Lindener Turm ), the horse tower was built as a through station on a street. A waiting station with turnpike monitored traffic to the city.

Hector Wilhelm Heinrich Mithoff suspected in the middle of the 19th century when evaluating the accounts books of the Hanover city council on the expenses for the Landwehr that the horse tower, which was not yet so named at the time, was identical to the "Hardenbergestorn" or "Rukoppestorn", namely after the then guards. In 1407 there is talk of “Hardenbergestorn” and 1480 “van Rukoppes torne”. Only a few editions are noted for this tower from the 1480s (unlike the Döhrener tower, for example ). A record from 1486 makes it clear that "do Rukoppes torne brende", that is, burned, and that the fire chief was "uppe des Bysschoppes hole" (the Landwehr base in Bischofshol in Südeilenriede), from which Mithoff concludes that the two towers are not far from each other away, which supports the identification with the horse tower. The fire had been kindled by "the Hildesheim servants" in the context of the conflicts with Heinrich the Middle , which led to the Hildesheim collegiate feud , which in 1487 and 1488 did not lead to extensive repair work. A house near the tower is also mentioned for 1493.

The building was later given the name "Horse Tower" from a horse and foal stable that the Hanoverian Council had built nearby. The Hanoverian Corpus bonorum civitatis stated in 1720: “The tower is on the left hand side of the road, beyond the wooden ditch, is made of stones and is almost completely desert. The house (of a lumberjack) is on the right hand side. ”After 1681 a serving license for the respective tower keeper is proven (“ accis freye Crug justice ”); the place developed into an excursion business, which is referred to in the Hanoverian address book from 1823 as "Caffeehaus". The cycling track on the horse tower, which was in use until the 1950s, was built nearby in 1888 . The excursion restaurant was destroyed in 1889 by a fire that affected the already badly dilapidated tower. This was then repaired and raised by the half-timbered floor and a final steep pyramid roof . At the same time, a two-storey brick building was added to the tower, which served as an excursion café until the Second World War , repaired after war damage, but was demolished in 1964 for the construction of the ice rink . In 1965, further renovation work was carried out, as indicated by an embedded brick.

After the Landwehr lost its importance, the horse tower served as a forestry office to curb wood theft in the nearby Eilenriede. Not far from the tower there is still a forester's house, near which the city set up a botanical garden as part of the expansion of the local recreation facilities in 1882.

literature

Web links

Commons : Pferdeturm (Hannover)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Waldemar Röhrbein : Hanover after 1945. State capital and trade fair city. In: Klaus Mlynek, Waldemar Röhrbein (ed.): History of the city of Hanover. Vol. 2: From the beginning of the 19th century to the present. Schlütersche, Hannover 1992, pp. 579-800, here pp. 686 f.
  2. ^ Helmut Müller: The citizen city. In: Klaus Mlynek, Waldemar Röhrbein (ed.): History of the city of Hanover. Vol. 1: From the beginning to the beginning of the 19th century. Schlütersche, Hannover 1992, pp. 67–135, here p. 95.
  3. ^ Hector Wilhelm Heinrich Mithoff: Results from medieval wage registers of the city of Hanover. Part IV. In: Journal of the historical association for Lower Saxony. Vol. 35, 1869, pp. 153-234, here p. 206.
  4. ↑ Hector Wilhelm Heinrich Mithoff: results from medieval wage registers of the city of Hanover. Part IV. In: Journal of the historical association for Lower Saxony. Vol. 35, 1869, pp. 153-234, here p. 212.
  5. ^ Hector Wilhelm Heinrich Mithoff: Results from medieval wage registers of the city of Hanover. Part IV. In: Journal of the historical association for Lower Saxony. Vol. 35, 1869, pp. 153-234, here p. 213.
  6. ^ Hector Wilhelm Heinrich Mithoff: Results from medieval wage registers of the city of Hanover. Part IV. In: Journal of the historical association for Lower Saxony. Vol. 35, 1869, pp. 153-234, here p. 213. See also p. 214, according to which the tower is mentioned in connection with logging and thus a proximity to the forest, and p. 215, according to which the guard Rukopp 1489 "In the Anderten basin", a brook flowing from Anderten - past the horse tower according to Mithoff - carried out cleanup work.
  7. ^ Hector Wilhelm Heinrich Mithoff: Results from medieval wage registers of the city of Hanover. Part IV. In: Journal of the historical association for Lower Saxony. Vol. 35, 1869, pp. 153-234, here p. 214.
  8. ^ Hector Wilhelm Heinrich Mithoff: Results from medieval wage registers of the city of Hanover. Part IV. In: Journal of the historical association for Lower Saxony. Vol. 35, 1869, pp. 153-234, here p. 215.
  9. ^ Arnold Nöldeke : The art monuments of the province of Hanover. Part 1: Hanover district. Issues 1 and 2: City of Hanover. Schulze, Hannover 1932, p. 66.
  10. ↑ Ludwig Hoerner, Waldemar Röhrbein: horse tower. In: Stadtlexikon Hannover. From the beginning to the present. Schlütersche, Hannover 2009, p. 501. On the recreational function of the horse tower in the 19th century, also Dieter Brosius : The industrial city. From the beginning of the 19th century to the end of the First World War. In: Klaus Mlynek, Waldemar Röhrbein (ed.): History of the city of Hanover. Vol. 2: From the beginning of the 19th century to the present. Schlütersche, Hannover 1992, pp. 273–403, here p. 287 (“Lustorts” for diversion in the area) and 376 (Radrennbahn). More from Klaus Mlynek : Hanover in the Weimar Republic and under National Socialism. In: Klaus Mlynek, Waldemar Röhrbein (ed.): History of the city of Hanover. Vol. 2: From the beginning of the 19th century to the present. Schlütersche, Hannover 1992, pp. 405-577, here pp. 473 and 475.
  11. ^ Dieter Brosius : The industrial city. From the beginning of the 19th century to the end of the First World War. In: Klaus Mlynek, Waldemar Röhrbein (ed.): History of the city of Hanover. Vol. 2: From the beginning of the 19th century to the present. Schlütersche, Hannover 1992, pp. 273-403, here p. 375.

Coordinates: 52 ° 22 ′ 20 ″  N , 9 ° 46 ′ 50 ″  E