Schiller dwarf shadow hummingbird
| Schiller dwarf shadow hummingbird | ||||||||||||
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Schiller dwarf shadow hummingbird |
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| Phaethornis idaliae | ||||||||||||
| ( Bourcier & Mulsant , 1856) |
The Schiller dwarf shadow hummingbird ( Phaethornis idaliae ) or brown throat hummingbird is a species of bird from the hummingbird family (Trochilidae). The species is endemic to Brazil. The IUCN assesses the population as Least Concern .
features
The male Schiller dwarf shadow hummingbird reaches a body length of 8.4 cm with a weight of 1.8 g, with wings making up 3.5 cm, the tail making up 2.3 cm and the back of the beak making up 2.3 cm. The upper side and elytra are dark bronze green, the neck golden green. The top of the head looks a bit more matt with a more blackish-brown color and a bronze sheen. The upper tail covers have a black subterminal band and a whitish ocher-colored end border. The stripe above the eyes and beard is pale, the side of the head and the chin black-brown. The throat is dark chestnut brown, the rest of the underside gray with whitish under tail coverts. The wings are blackish purple. The lateral feathers of the blackish bronze-green tail are narrowly lined with white. The upper beak is black, the lower beak shines yellow with a black tip. The feet are brown. The female reaches a body length of 9.2 cm with a weight of 2.7 g, with wings 3.7 cm, the tail 3.4 cm and the back of the beak 2.3 cm. The upper tail ceilings are lined with light reddish brown. The stripe above the eyes, the throat and the chest are also light red-brown, the belly light ocher. The bronze-green tail feathers have broad white tips. The lateral control feathers have rather pale ocher-colored outer plume tips. The beak and feet are like those of the male.
behavior
Nectar and small arthropods , including spiders, and plant debris were discovered in their stomachs. As typical trapliners, they regularly fly off very specific, scattered flowers in quick succession.
Reproduction
Your eggs weigh 0.32 g with a volume of 13 × 8 mm. The incubation period is 14 days, with the nestlings remaining nestled for 20 days. The breeding season lasts from October to February.
distribution and habitat
They move in the undergrowth of primary forest , slightly disturbed coastal forest, on forest edges or in old secondary forest . Their distribution area extends over the south of Bahia , the east of Minas Gerais , Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro .
Etymology and history of research
Jules Bourcier and Étienne Mulsant described the Schiller dwarf shadow hummingbird under the name Trochilus Idaliae . As a habitat they indicated the interior of Brazil. In 1827 William Swainson introduced the genus Phaethornis for the eastern long-tailed shadow hummingbird ( Phaethornis superciliosus ( Linnaeus , 1766)), which was later assigned to the Schiller dwarf shadow hummingbird . This name is derived from the Greek words »phaethōn Φαέθων « for »the shining one, the shining one« and »órnis όρνις « for »bird«. The species name refers to Idalia , an epithet of Aphrodite or Venus .
literature
- Rolf Grantsau : The hummingbirds of Brazil . A key for all hummingbird shapes in Brazil. Expressão e Cultura, Rio de Janeiro 1988, ISBN 85-208-0101-3 .
- Christoph Hinkelmann , Guy M. Kirwan , Peter Boesman In: Josep del Hoyo , Andrew Elliott, Jordi Sargatal , David Andrew Christie , Eduardo de Juana: Minute Hermit (Phaethornis idaliae) in Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive . Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
- James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
- Jules Bourcier, Étienne Mulsant: Description of deux nouvelles espèces d'oiseaux-mouches . In: Annales de la Société Linnéenne de Lyon (= Nouvelle Série ). tape 3 , 1856, pp. 187-189 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
- William Swainson: A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, FLS and HS and Mr. William Bullock, jun. In: The Philosophical magazine: or Annals of chemistry, mathematics, astronomy, natural history and general science . tape 1 , no. 85 , 1827, pp. 433-442 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
Web links
- Phaethornis idaliae inthe IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016.2. Listed by: BirdLife International, 2012. Retrieved September 15, 2016.
- BirdLife International: Species Factsheet - Minute Hermit ( Phaethornis idaliae ) . Retrieved September 15, 2016.
- Videos, photos and sound recordings for Minute Hermit (Phaethornis idaliae) in the Internet Bird Collection
- Schiller dwarf shadow hummingbird ( Phaethornis idaliae ) at Avibase; accessed on September 15, 2016.
- Phaethornis idaliae in the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
- xeno-canto: sound recordings - minute Hermit ( Phaethornis idaliae )