Cinnamon-throated shadow hummingbird
| Cinnamon-throated shadow hummingbird | ||||||||||||
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| Phaethornis nattereri | ||||||||||||
| Berlepsch , 1887 |
The cinnamon-throated shadow hummingbird ( Phaethornis nattereri ) or cinnamon-throated hummingbird is a species of bird from the hummingbird family (Trochilidae). The distribution area of this species includes the countries Brazil and Bolivia . The IUCN assesses the population as Least Concern .
features
The cinnamon-throated shadow hummingbird reaches a body length of around 10 cm and weighs 2.5 to 3 g. The top of the head looks dull dark brown. The back is bronze green. The back and the upper tail-coverts are red-brown. He also has a black-brown ear mark. The underside and the stripe above the eyes are ocher colored. The 45 mm long wings are dark purple-brown. The 48 mm long tail feathers are bronze-green, with the lateral outer flags having light red-brown tips and hems, while the central tail feathers have white tips. The 23 mm long beak is black at the upper beak and yellow with a black tip at the lower beak. He has light brown feet. Males and females are very similar, but males are slightly smaller and have a slightly more curved beak.
Behavior and nutrition
The birds get their nectar from plants belonging to the Mallow family, Pavonia , Helicteres , Ruellien and Bauhinien, as well as other flowering plants. To do this, they feed on small arthropods . As trapliners, they regularly fly to very specific, scattered flowers in quick succession.
Vocalizations
The singing consists of a high series of incessant repetitions without a break. A series lasts 2 to 2.5 seconds and typically consists of three to four individual tones and ends with one to three quieter tones, which often sound nasal. The sounds emitted have a rhythmic pattern that z. B. sounds like "tsi ... tsi ... tsi ... nia-ka-wi".
Reproduction
They build their nest e.g. B. on the inside of the tip of a palm leaf. The nests are approx. 140 mm high. The outer radius is approx. 45 mm, the inner radius approx. 28 mm and the depth approx. 16 mm.
distribution and habitat
The cinnamon-throated shadow hummingbird lives in various vegetation-rich areas outside the rainforest. It is present in evergreen deciduous forests, in secondary forests, in thickets, in cerrados , in tree-rich caatingas , on forest islands and in gallery forests . It moves at altitudes below 500 meters.
Subspecies
The species is considered to be monotypical . The species Phaethornis maranhaoensis Grantsau , 1969 and Pygmornis chapadensis Allen, JA , 1893 are synonyms for the nominate form .
Etymology and history of research
Hans Hermann Carl Ludwig von Berlepsch described the cinnamon-throated shadow hummingbird under its current name Phaëthornis nattereri . The type specimen came from the collection of Johann Natterer and was collected in Mato Grosso near Caiçara and at the sugar mill by Vasco da Gama . In 1827 William Swainson introduced the genus Phaethornis for the Eastern long-tailed shadow hummingbird ( Phaethornis superciliosus ( Linnaeus , 1766)). The term “Phaethornis” is derived from the Greek words “phaethōn Φαέθων ” for “the shining one, the shining one” and “órnis όρνις ” for “bird”. The name »nattereri« is dedicated to its collector. »Maranhaoensis« refers to the state of Maranhão , »chapadensis« to Chapada dos Guimarães .
literature
- Christoph Hinkelmann , Peter Boesman in: Josep del Hoyo , Andrew Elliott, Jordi Sargatal, David Andrew Christie , Eduardo de Juana: Cinnamon-throated Hermit (Phaethornis nattereri) in Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive . Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
- Christoph Hinkelmann: On the identity of Phaethornis maranhaoensis Grantsau, 1968 (Trochilidae). In: Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club . tape 188 , no. 1 , 1988, p. 14-18 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
- James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
- Hans Hermann Carl Ludwig von Berlepsch: Description of new Species and Subspecies of Trochilidae . In: The Ibis (= 5 ). tape 5 , no. 29 , 1887, p. 289-298 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
- Rolf Grantsau: Uma nova espécie de Phaethornis (Aves, Trochilidae) . In: Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo . tape 22 , no. 7 , 1969, p. 57-59 .
- Rolf Grantsau: The hummingbirds of Brazil . Expressão e Cultura, Rio de Janeiro 1988, ISBN 978-85-208-0101-7 .
- William Swainson: A Synopsis of the Birds discovered in Mexico by W. Bullock, FLS and HS and Mr. William Bullock, jun. In: The Philosophical magazine: or Annals of chemistry, mathematics, astronomy, natural history and general science. tape 1 , no. 85 , 1827, pp. 433-442 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
- Joel Asaph Allen: On a collection of Birds from Chapada, Matto Grosso, Brazil, Made by Mr. HH Smith Part III Pipridae to Rheidae . In: Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History . tape 5 , no. 10 , 1893, p. 107-158 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
Web links
- Phaethornis nattereri in the Red List of Threatened Species of the IUCN 2018. Posted by: BirdLife International, 2016. Retrieved on September 23, 2018 ..
- BirdLife International: Species Factsheet - Cinnamon-throated Hermit ( Phaethornis nattereri ) . Retrieved September 23, 2018.
- Videos, photos and sound recordings of Cinnamon-throated Hermit (Phaethornis nattereri) in the Internet Bird Collection
- Cinnamon-throated shadow hummingbird ( Phaethornis nattereri ) at Avibase; accessed on September 23, 2018.
- Phaethornis nattereri in the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). Retrieved September 23, 2018.
- xeno-canto: Sound recordings - White-Cinnamon-throated Hermit ( Phaethornis nattereri )
- Cinnamon-throated shadow hummingbird (Phaethornis nattereri) in the Encyclopedia of Life . Retrieved September 23, 2018.