Phallus indusiatus
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Phallus indusiatus in India |
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Phallus indusiatus (formerly Dictyophora indusiata ) is a species of fungus of the genus Stinkmorcheln .
features
Macroscopic features
The 15 to 25 mm diameter Hexenei is spherical colored to obovate (obovoid) and yellowish white to brownish white. The cylindrical, unpigmented, spongy receptaculum reaches a length of 100 to 150 mm and a diameter of 10 to 30 mm. The hat (the little cap) is bell-shaped, has a net-like honeycomb structure through folds on the surface and perforated at the top. The gleba is brown, slimy, and smelly. The reticulated indusium , hanging from the underside of the hat, is well developed, white to pale yellow and reaches a length of about 3/4 the length of the receptaculum.
Microscopic properties
The elliptical spores are smooth, colorless and 2.5 to 4 μm long and 1 to 2 μm wide.
Occurrence
The species Phallus indusiatus is found in the tropics , including Africa ( Congo , Nigeria , Uganda, and Zaire ), South America ( Brazil, Guyana , and Venezuela ), Central America ( Costa Rica ), and Tobago . In North America it is only found in Mexico . Asian locations are Indonesia , Malaysia , India , southern China , Japan and Taiwan . It was also found in Australia .
ecology
The fungus grows on sandy and fertile soils as well as on plant material. In India it grows best at temperatures between 21 and 25 ° C with 45–85% relative humidity in bamboo thickets at heights of 300–600 m. The species is saprobiont .
use
Phallus indusiatus is edible and a component of fine Chinese cuisine. The species is grown commercially and is commonly found in Asian markets. This stinkhorn is high in protein, carbohydrates, and fiber. It contains bioactive compounds, is antioxidant and antimicrobial . Its use in China for the treatment of inflammatory gastric and nerve diseases has been proven since 618 AD.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Altielys Casale Magnago, Larissa Trierveiler-Pereira, Maria Alice Neves: Phallales (Agaricomycetes, fungi) from the tropical Atlantic Forest of Brazil. In: Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 140 (2), 2013, pp. 236-244. ( Online )
- ↑ a b Iuri Baseia, Leonor Maia, Francisco Diego Calonge: Notes on Phallales in the neotropics. In: Boletín de la Sociedad Micologica de Madrid 30, 2006, pp. 87-93. ( Online )
- ^ H. Dissing, M. Lange: Gasteromycetes of Cong. Bulletin du Jardin botanique de l'État à Bruxelles, 32 (4), 1962, pp. 325-416. doi : 10.2307 / 3667249 .
- ↑ SG Jonathan, AC Odebode, DDS Bawo: Studies on collection and proximate compositions of Phallus indusiatus (Vent. Ex. Pers), a Nigerian higher fungus. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 4 (1), 2008, pp. 18-22.
- ^ TD Maitland, EM Wakefield: Notes on Uganda fungi. I .: The fungus flora of the forests. Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information (Royal Gardens, Kew), 1917 (1), pp. 1-19, doi : 10.2307 / 4113409 .
- ^ V. Demoulin, DM Dring: Gasteromycetes of Kivu (Zaire), Rwanda and Burundi. Bulletin du Jardin botanique national de Belgique / Bulletin van de National Plantentuin van België. 45 (3/4), 1975, pp. 339-372, doi : 10.2307 / 3667488 .
- ↑ L. Trierveiler-Pereira, AC Gomes-Silva, I. G: Baseia: Notes on gasteroid fungi of the Brazilian Amazon rainforest. Mycotaxon, 2009, 110: pp. 73-80, doi : 10.5248 / 110.73 .
- ^ E. Wakefield: Contributions to the flora of tropical America: XXI. Fungi collected in British Guiana, chiefly by the Oxford University Expedition, 1929. Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information (Royal Gardens, Kew). 1934 (6), pp. 238-258, doi : 10.2307 / 4115405 .
- ^ RWG Dennis: Fungi venezuelani: III. Kew Bulletin, 14 (3), 1960, pp. 418-458, doi : 10.2307 / 4114758 .
- ^ JA Sáenz, M. Nassar: Hongos de Costa Rica: Familias Phallaceae y Clathraceae. Revista de Biologia Tropical, 30 (1), 1982, pp. 41-52.
- ^ RWG Dennis: Some West Indian Gasteromycetes. Kew Bulletin, 8 (3), 1953, pp. 307-328, doi : 10.2307 / 4115517 .
- ↑ G. Guzmán: Some distributional relationships between Mexican and United States mycofloras. Mycologia, 65 (6), 1973, pp. 1319-1330, doi : 10.2307 / 3758146 .
- ↑ SG Oldridge, DN Pegler, DA Reid, BM Spooner: A collection of fungi from Pahang and Negeri Sembilan (Malaysia). Kew Bulletin, 41 (4), 1986, pp. 855-872, doi : 10.2307 / 4102987 .
- ^ CG Lloyd: Synopsis of the known phalloids. Bulletin of the Lloyd Library of Botany, Pharmacy and Materia Medica, (13), 1909, pp. 1-96.
- ↑ N. Tuno: Spore dispersal of Dictyophora fungi (Phallaceae) by flies. Ecological Research, 13 (1), 1998, pp. 7-15, doi : 10.1046 / j.1440-1703.1998.00241.x .
- ↑ TT Chang, WN Chou, SH Wu: 福山 森林 之 大型 擔子 菌 資源 及 監測 種 之 族群 變動 [Inventory of macrobasidiomycota and population dynamics of some monitored species at Fushan forest]. Fungal Science (in Chinese), 15 (1/2), 2000, pp. 15-26.
- ^ KN Smith: A Field Guide to the Fungi of Australia. UNSW Press, Sydney 2005, p. 200.
- ↑ a b Phallus indusiatus at Malaysia Biodiversity Information System (MyBIS)
- ↑ C. Mohanan: Biodiversity of Terricolous and Lignicolous Macrofungi of the Western Ghats. 2011, Kerala Forest Research Institute, published by MoEF, Government of India, New Delhi. P. 91. ( Online )