Philipp Magnus of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel

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Philipp Magnus' tombstone (far right) in Wolfenbüttel's Marienkirche . The following portraits depict his brother Karl Viktor, both father Heinrich d. J. and his second wife Sophia .

Philipp Magnus (born June 26, 1527 in Wolfenbüttel ; † July 9, 1553 in Sievershausen ) was Duke of Braunschweig-Lüneburg . The designated successor as sovereign of the Principality of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel died together with his brother Karl Viktor in the battle of Sievershausen .

Life

He was the third or second surviving son of Duke Heinrich the Younger of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel and his first wife Maria of Württemberg . His youth was marked by acts of war between his Catholic father, who was loyal to the emperor, and Protestant opponents, in particular the Schmalkaldic League founded in 1531 , to which the city of Braunschweig also belonged. Despite these circumstances, Philipp Magnus received a sound scientific education, for which the lawyer Jacob Henning Camitius was particularly responsible. Philipp Magnus is said to be fluent in six languages. At his father's request, he translated Luis de Ávila y Zúñiga's work on the Schmalkaldic War into German and had it printed in Wolfenbüttel in 1552.

Philip Magnus was elected coadjutor in the diocese of Minden as a child in 1529 . In the 1530 bishopric election, however, he was defeated by Franz von Waldeck . During the occupation of the Principality of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel by the Schmalkaldic League, which began in 1542, Philipp Magnus stayed temporarily in Italy, where he did scientific studies. So he was in Padua in 1544 and in Bologna in 1546. After his father was taken prisoner in Hesse in 1545 after a failed attempt at reconquest, Philipp Magnus unsuccessfully sought help against the Schmalkald occupiers in Rome. It was not until the victory of Emperor Charles V in the battle of Mühlberg over the Schmalkaldic League in 1547 that Heinrichs d. J. Return to Wolfenbüttel. Philipp Magnus was increasingly entrusted with political and military tasks. When Heinrich d. J. traveled to Metz to the emperor in 1552 to ask for support against the attacks of the mercenary leader Vollrad von Mansfeld and appointed Philipp Magnus to be his governor. From 1552, contrary to the applicable birthright law, he was designated the sole successor; compensation was provided for the older brother Karl Viktor who had passed over. In 1553, Philipp Magnus took a military action against the founders Osnabrück, Münster and Minden in order to forcibly install his younger brother Julius in the diocese of Minden. Bishop Franz II, who has been in office since 1530 (see above), was forced to give up his office. Other warlike undertakings led him, together with allied Saxon troops under Elector Moritz , against the Margrave Albrecht Alcibiades of Brandenburg-Kulmbach . On July 9, 1553, the battle of Sievershausen, which was costly, ended victorious for the Saxon-Brunswick troops. The Saxon elector and the Brunswick princes Philipp Magnus and Karl Viktor were among the estimated 4,000 dead. As a result, in the Principality of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel, the younger brother Julius, who was inclined to Protestantism, succeeded in the line of succession.

Afterlife

The painted tombstone of Philipp Magnus has been preserved in the Marienkirche in Wolfenbüttel . The portraits of his brother Karl Viktor, Duke Heinrich d. J. and his second wife Sophia are shown. The work is attributed to Jürgen Spinnrad . According to a description by Philipp Julius Rehtmeyer, there was a portrait of the two brothers who died in battle in a window of the Brunswick Cathedral . Under Duke Julius, two fortresses in Wolfenbüttel were named after both, the Philippsberg and the Karlsbastion .

Fonts

  • Warhaidige beschrei = || exercise of the German war from the || Most luminous / most powerful and || of the most winterly princes and lord / lord || Carln against the Fifth Roman Emperor etc. || the Schmalkaldische Bundsuerwandten in the || Yarn after Christ our dear Lord and Blessed = || maker's birth / thousand / five hundred / six || and forty-seven funded and completed / by || the Wolgeborn Donluis de Auilla of the Order || Alcantara supreme / in Spanish vnd volgends || French speaking together gezogen / Vnd || jtzo from… || Mr Philips Magnus || Moved to Braunschweig and Luene = || burg etc. to Teutscher languages ​​translated and described. | , Wolfenbüttel 1552, printed by Henning Rüdem . ( dfg-viewer.de )

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Paul Zimmermann :  Philipp Magnus, Duke of Braunschweig . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 25, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1887, p. 764 f.
personal data
SURNAME Philipp Magnus of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Philip Magnus
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg-Wolfenbüttel
DATE OF BIRTH June 26, 1527
PLACE OF BIRTH Wolfenbüttel
DATE OF DEATH July 9, 1553
Place of death Sievershausen