Phyllarthron

Phyllarthron
	Phyllarthron bojeranum
Systematics
	Nuclear eudicotyledons
	Asterids
	Euasterids I
Order :	Mint family (Lamiales)
Family :	Trumpet Family (Bignoniaceae)
Genre :	Phyllarthron
Scientific name
	Phyllarthron
	DC.

Phyllarthron is a genus of plants withinthe trumpet tree family (Bignoniaceae). Most of the 19 or so species occur only in Madagascar , one species, Phyllarthron comorense , is endemic to the Comoros .

description

Zygomorphic flowers

Vegetative characteristics

Phyllarthron species are woody plants and grow as trees or shrubs .

The leaves, arranged opposite one another or in whorls , have been transformed into phyllodes. Pseudo stipules , as often found in other genera of the Bignoniaceae family, are missing. As a special feature within the Coleeae and even the Bignoniaceae family, phyllarthron species have structured phyllodes (hence the botanical genus name). The durable phyllodes consist of a stringed sequence of clearly separated segments, these correspond to the petiole and the sections of the Rhachis, the other, pinnate, genera of the Coleeae.

Generative characteristics

The lateral or terminal inflorescences are thyrsenic .

The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The five sepals are fused bell-shaped. The white to pink-colored corollas are not curved, tubular to bell-shaped and membranous. The four fertile stamens do not protrude beyond the crown, the anthers consist of two counters standing apart. One of a cup-shaped flower base partially surrounds the ovary. The Upper continuous, two-chamber ovary is elongate-linear to elongated ovoid and with glandular trichomes occupied. The ovules are in multiple rows in the ovary chambers.

The fruits are variously shaped berries with a smooth surface. They contain spherical, hairless, and wingless seeds .

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 40.

Systematics and distribution

Taxonomy

The genus Phyllarthron was in 1839 by Augustine Pyramus de Candolle in Annales des Sciences Naturelles; Botanique , Séries 2, 11, page 296. Synonyms for Phyllarthron DC. are: Arthrophyllum Bojer ex DC. , Zaa Baill. , Paraphyllar throne J.-F.Leroy .

External system

The genus Phyllarthron belongs to the tribe Coleeae within the family of the Bignoniaceae .

Species and their distribution

Most Phyllarthron species are only found in Madagascar , one species is endemic to the Comoros .

As of 2016 there are about 19 species in the genus Phyllarthron :

Species of the genus Phyllarthron with their distribution

Phyllarthron antongiliense Capuron : This endemic occurs only in the Toamasina provincesin eastern Madagascar.
Phyllarthron articulatum (Desf.) K.Schum. : It occurs mainly in eastern Madagascar.
Phyllarthron bernierianum Seem. : It occurs in southern Madagascar.
Phyllarthron bilabiatum A.H.Gentry : It comes only in a few localities in the provinces of Antsiranana and Mahajanga ago in northern Madagascar.
Phyllarthron bojeranum DC. (Syn .: Phyllarthron madagascariense (Bojer) K.Schum. ): It is widespread in Madagascar.
Phyllarthron cauliflorum Capuron : It occurs only in the province of Antsiranana in northeastern Madagascar.
Phyllarthron comorense DC. : This endemic occurs only in the Comoros .
Phyllarthron humblotianum H.Perrier : It occurs in a few localities in Madagascar.
Phyllarthron ilicifolium (Pers.) H.Perrier : It occurs only in a few locations in the province of Toliara in southeastern Madagascar.
Phyllarthron laxinervium H.Perrier : Only one site of this endemic is known in the province of Antsiranana in Madagascar.
Phyllarthron longipedunculatum Callm. & Phillipson : It was first described from Madagascar in 2016. Only a few sites are known in the Antsiranana province in the northern part of the Masoala peninsulaand around the foothills of the Kalobinono and Tsaratanana massifs.
Phyllarthron megaphyllum Capuron : Only one site of this endemic is known in the province of Antsiranana in Madagascar.
Phyllarthron megapterum H.Perrier : There are only a few localities in the provinces of Mahajanga and Toamasina Madagascar. known.
Phyllarthron multiflorum H.Perrier : It occurs in eastern Madagascar.
Phyllarthron nocturnum Zjhra : It was first described in 2006 from Madagascar. This endemic is only known to be found in the Antsiranana province.
Phyllarthron sahamalazensis Zjhra : It was first described in 2006 from Madagascar. Only one site in the Antsiranana province is known of this endemic.
Phyllarthron suarezense H.Perrier : It occurs in a few locations in Madagascar.
Phyllarthron subumbellatum H.Perrier : It occurs at several localities in Madagascar.
Phyllarthron vokoaninensis Zjhra : It was first described in 2006 from Madagascar. Only one site in the Antsiranana province is known of this endemic.

proof

literature

E. Fischer, I. Theisenn LG Lohmann: Bignoniaceae. In: Joachim W. Kadereit (Ed.): The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants . Volume 7: Flowering plants, Dicotyledons. Lamiales (except Acanthaceae including Avicenniaceae) . Springer, Berlin / Heidelberg / New York 2004, ISBN 3-540-40593-3 , pp. 36 (English, limited preview in Google Book Search). (Sections Description and Distribution)

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h E. Fischer, I. Theisenn LG Lohmann: Bignoniaceae. In: Joachim W. Kadereit (Ed.): The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants . Volume 7: Flowering plants, Dicotyledons. Lamiales (except Acanthaceae including Avicenniaceae) . Springer, Berlin / Heidelberg / New York 2004, ISBN 3-540-40593-3 , pp. 36 (English, limited preview in Google Book Search).
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Martin Callmander, Peter B. Phillipson: Phyllarthron longipedunculatum Callm. & Phillipson, sp. nov. (Bignoniaceae): A new species from Northern Madagascar. In Adansonia , Volume 38, Issue 2, December 2016, pp. 275-280. doi : 10.5252 / a2016n2a11
^ Phyllarthron at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed December 17, 2018.
↑ ML Zjhra, KJ Sytsma, RG Olmstead: Delimitation of Malagasy tribe Coleeae and implications for fruit evolution in Bignoniaceae inferred from a chloroplast DNA phylogeny . In: Plant Systematics and Evolution , Volume 245, 2004. pp. 55-67. doi : 10.1007 / s00606-003-0025-y
↑ Lucia G. Lohmann, C. Ulloa Ulloa: Bignoniaceae . In: iPlants prototype checklist . Retrieved from www.iplants.org , ( enter Phyllarthron in search mask) last viewed on December 17, 2018.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Phyllarthron. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved December 17, 2018.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ Phyllarthron at Tropicos.org. In: Catalog of the Vascular Plants of Madagascar . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis

Web links

Commons : Phyllarthron - collection of images, videos and audio files

[Kubitzki2004-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h E. Fischer, I. Theisenn LG Lohmann: Bignoniaceae. In: Joachim W. Kadereit (Ed.): The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants . Volume 7: Flowering plants, Dicotyledons. Lamiales (except Acanthaceae including Avicenniaceae) . Springer, Berlin / Heidelberg / New York 2004, ISBN 3-540-40593-3 , pp. 36 (English, limited preview in Google Book Search).

[Callmander2016-2] Martin Callmander, Peter B. Phillipson: Phyllarthron longipedunculatum Callm. & Phillipson, sp. nov. (Bignoniaceae): A new species from Northern Madagascar. In Adansonia , Volume 38, Issue 2, December 2016, pp. 275-280. doi : 10.5252 / a2016n2a11

[Tropicos-3] Phyllarthron at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed December 17, 2018.

[Zjhra2004-4] ML Zjhra, KJ Sytsma, RG Olmstead: Delimitation of Malagasy tribe Coleeae and implications for fruit evolution in Bignoniaceae inferred from a chloroplast DNA phylogeny . In: Plant Systematics and Evolution , Volume 245, 2004. pp. 55-67. doi : 10.1007 / s00606-003-0025-y

[iplants-5] Lucia G. Lohmann, C. Ulloa Ulloa: Bignoniaceae . In: iPlants prototype checklist . Retrieved from www.iplants.org , ( enter Phyllarthron in search mask) last viewed on December 17, 2018.

[WCSP-6] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Phyllarthron. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved December 17, 2018.

[CPoMadagascar-7] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ Phyllarthron at Tropicos.org. In: Catalog of the Vascular Plants of Madagascar . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis