Pisonia

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Pisonia
Pisonia brunoniana

Pisonia brunoniana

Systematics
Class : Bedecktsamer (Magnoliopsida)
Eudicotyledons
Nuclear eudicotyledons
Order : Clove-like (Caryophyllales)
Family : Wonderflower family (Nyctaginaceae)
Genre : Pisonia
Scientific name
Pisonia
L.

The Pisonia , also called Pisonia , is a genus of plants within the family of the miracle flower plants (Nyctaginaceae). The distribution is pantropical. On some Pacific islands, Pisonia trees and shrubs are the dominant plant species. The species Pisonia umbellifera is used as an ornamental plant .

description

Illustration from Blanco of Pisonia aculeata

Vegetative characteristics

Pisonia species are woody plants: trees and shrubs , sometimes lianas . The plant parts are usually hairy and some species have thorns .

The opposite to alternate arranged leaves are divided into petioles and leaf blades. The simple leaf blade is entire.

Generative characteristics

Pisonia species are usually dioeciously separated sexes ( diocesan ). The lateral or terminal inflorescences contain many flowers. The mostly unisexual, sometimes hermaphrodite flowers are radial symmetry and five-fold. The male flowers contain six to ten stamens .

Foliage leaves and inflorescences of Pisonia brunoniana
Foliage leaves and inflorescence of Pisonia grandis
Habit of Pisonia umbellifera

ecology

The seeds of some Pisonia species are covered in viscous mucus and coated with small hooks. As with the seeds of other tree species, this leads to the attachment of the seed to birds that perch on the branches of the trees (see epizoochory ). In the case of Pisonia species, however, it happens that a large number of seeds attach to a bird, which can make the bird unable to fly. If it can no longer free itself from the seeds, it will starve to death or become easy prey for hunters . It is not yet clear why some Pisonia species have developed in this direction, which causes the death of the birds.

Systematics and botanical history

The generic name Pisonia was coined in 1703 by Charles Plumier in honor of the doctor and botanist Willem Piso . The establishment of this dedication name and the classification of the genus is characterized by a number of contradictions and curiosities. For the final enforcement of the name Pisonia is Linnaeus responsible of him, citing Hans Sloane , Philip Miller and William Houstoun , took over, one of which had been on the genus he basic information. The valid first publication of the genus Pisonia was set up in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum , 2, page 1026. Pisonia aculeata L. was identified as a lectotype species in 1911 by Paul Carpenter Standley in Contributions from the United States National Herbarium. Smithsonian Institution , Volume 13, 11, p. 386. Synonyms for Pisonia L. are: Calpidia Thouars , Ceodes J.R. Forst . & G.Forst. , Heimerlia Skottsb. , Heimerliodendron Skottsb. , Rockia Heimerl , Timeroya Benth. orth. var., Timeroyea Montrouz. , Torrubia Vell. , Torrukia Vell.

There are 15 to 50 (10 to 75) species of Pisonia (selection):

swell

  • John S. Clement, Richard W. Spellenberg: Pisonia Linnaeus , pp. 71-73 , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico , Volume 4 - Magnoliophyta: Caryophyllidae, part 1. , Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 2003, ISBN 0-19-517389-9 . (Section description)
  • Dequan Lu, Michael G. Gilbert: Nyctaginaceae : Pisonia , p. 430 , In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China , Volume 5 - Ulmaceae through Basellaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2003, ISBN 1-930723-27-X . (Section description)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ http://www.galileo.tv/earth-nature/dieser-baum-toetet-voegel-und-niemand-weiss-warum/ This tree kills birds and nobody knows why at Galileo from ProSieben .
  2. ^ Charles Plumier: Nova Plantarum Americanarum Genera. Paris 1703, p. 7 and plate 11.
  3. ↑ Detailed history of naming by Norbert J. Pies: Paradiesnuß, Mangrovenbaumkrabbe und Co. Willem Piso's taxonomic legacy pp. 136–188 (The miracle flower Pisonia), in: Pisonia, additional contributions to the 2008 facsimile edition of Willem Piso's book De Indiae Utriusque Re Naturali et Medica. Sprockhövel 2010.
  4. ↑ Carl von Linné: Genera Plantarum eorumque characteres naturales secundum numerum, figuram, situm, & proportionem omnium fructificationis partium. Leiden 1737 p. 42 No. 118 and p. 380. With handwritten additions by Linnaeus to the Pisonia (copy in the possession of the Linnean Society of London).
  5. ^ Carl von Linné: Critica Botanica in qua nomina plantarum generica, specifica; & variantia examini subjiciuntur, selectiora confirmantur, indigna rejiciuntur; simulque doctrina circa denominationem plantarum traditur fundamentorum botanicorum pars IV. Leiden 1737 pp. 77, 79 and 134.
  6. ↑ Carl von Linné: Hortus Cliffortianus plantas exhibens quas in hortistam vivis quam siccis, Hartecampi in Hollandia, coluit vir nobilissimus & generosissimus Georgius Clifford. Amsterdam 1737 (1738) p. 457.
  7. ^ Pisonia at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Retrieved September 18, 2017.
  8. ^ A b c Pisonia in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved September 17, 2017.
  9. ^ A b c John S. Clement, Richard W. Spellenberg: Pisonia Linnaeus . In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico , Volume 4, New York and Oxford 2004: Pisonia - online.
  10. ↑ a b Pisonia in Flora do Brasil 2020 from the Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro .
  11. ^ Dequan Lu, Michael G. Gilbert: Nyctaginaceae . Pisonia. In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China. Volume 5: Nyctaginaceae. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 2010.

Web links

Commons : Pisonia  - collection of images, videos and audio files