Pyotr Dmitrievich Baranovsky

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Pyotr Dmitrievich Baranowski ( Russian Пётр Дмитриевич Барановский * January 28 . Jul / 9. February  1892 greg. In Schuiskoje at Vyazma ; † 12. June 1984 in Moscow ) was a Russian architect and restorer .

Life

Baranowski came from a farming family. He studied architecture in Moscow and in 1912 received the license to erect buildings and the medal of the Moscow Archaeological Society for the restoration of the Trinity Monastery of Boldino near Dorogobusch . He now worked on railway and industrial buildings. At the beginning of the First World War he was drafted into the army and served as a military engineer.

After the October Revolution in 1918 he obtained a second diploma in art studies and became a lecturer at Moscow University . In the same year he restored the buildings of the Savior Transfiguration Monastery in Yaroslavl as well as the St. Peter and Paul Church there and the Metropolitan Palace , which had been damaged in the Russian Civil War during the Yaroslavl uprising and its suppression by the Red Army . In 1921 he began the first (of ten) expedition to the north of Russia. During his life he explored hundreds of objects of national architecture from the White Sea to Azerbaijan .

In 1923 Baranowski succeeded in getting the Trinity Monastery Boldino near Dorogobusch recognized as a branch of the Dorogobusch Museum. He and his helpers collected the remains of the surrounding destroyed churches and brought the collection of the closed museum from Jelnja to Boldino, so that the church culture in the Russian- Lithuanian border region on the upper Dnepr was presented. In view of his uncertain situation, he had the photographer Michail Pogodin (grandson of the historian MP Pogodin ) document the monastery and the collection from 1928 to 1929. In 1929 the museum was closed and the collection and most of the photographs have been lost. The buildings were destroyed by the Wehrmacht during the German-Soviet War in 1943 in retaliation for local resistance.

In 1924, Baranovsky managed to make the former Tsar's residence Kolomenskoye a museum of national culture, and he became the first director of this museum. 1927–1933 he collected objects of wooden architecture in order to preserve them for posterity in Kolomenskoye, in particular the house of Peter I from Arkhangelsk , the Mochowaja Tower from Sumski Ostrog near Belomorsk and a farm building from Preobrazhenskoye (Moscow). He founded his own restoration school in Kolomenskoye. Lev Arturowitsch Dawid was one of his students and successors .

At the end of the 1920s, during the height of the anti-religious campaign , Baranowski restored the Kazan Cathedral on the north corner of Moscow's Red Square , which had been closed in 1918 and has since fallen into disrepair.

In the course of his work, Baranowski documented churches that were planned for demolition. He was the last visitor to the Chudov Monastery in the Moscow Kremlin, which was demolished in 1929 and from which he could only take the relic of Metropolitan Alexej Biakont .

In 1930 the director Semyon Busanov of the Boldino Museum was arrested (he died in the camp), the director of the Museum of Dorogobush fled, and Pogodin was eliminated as a class enemy . Baranowski was initially only given a severe warning, but in 1933 he was arrested and sentenced to three years in a camp in Mariinsk . There he soon became assistant to the camp management for construction matters. He also designed a building for an agricultural museum. After his release, he settled in Alexandrov due to his residence restrictions. He became the architect-restorer of the local museum, which had just become a branch of the State History Museum in Moscow . There he explored the Alexandrov Kremlin. The Kazan Cathedral in Moscow, which he restored, was demolished in 1936. However, he was able to prevent the planned demolition of Moscow's St. Basil's Cathedral .

In 1947 Baranowski gave a lecture on the time and place of Andrei Rublev's burial at the Art History Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR . In his lecture he presented the discovery of a copy (made by Gerhard Friedrich Müller in the 18th century) of a fragmentary inscription in Moscow's Andronikov Monastery and the text he reconstructed. This find also showed the great importance of maintaining the monastery, which had already been partially demolished. Together with Igor Emmanuilowitsch Grabar , Baranovsky pushed for a museum of Old Russian art to be built on the basis of this monastery. The museum was decided in 1947, but only opened in 1960. In the 1960s he restored the Church of St. Peter and Paul in Smolensk .

Baranowski was buried with his wife Marija Jurewna in the cemetery of the Donskoy Monastery in Moscow.

Honors

  • Honored Artist of the RSFSR

Works

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Lyudmila Jerina: Pjotr ​​Baranowski in Alexandrow (Russian, accessed on March 8, 2016).
  2. Jump up ↑ The Man Who Saved St. Basil's Cathedral (Russian, accessed March 8, 2016).
  3. ↑ LM Evsejewa: Icons from the 13th to 16th centuries in the Andrei Rublev monastery . Sewerny Palomnik, Moscow 2007, p. 11, ISBN 5-94431-203-3 (Russian).
  4. ^ Baranowski's Memoirs (Russian, accessed March 8, 2016).
personal data
SURNAME Baranovsky, Pyotr Dmitrievich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Baranovskiĭ, Petr Dmitrievich; Барановский, Пётр Дмитриевич (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian architect and restorer
DATE OF BIRTH February 9, 1892
PLACE OF BIRTH Schuiskoje, Vyazma
DATE OF DEATH June 12, 1984
Place of death Moscow