Plumeria

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Plumeria
Red frangipani (Plumeria rubra)

Red frangipani ( Plumeria rubra )

Systematics
Euasterids I
Order : Enzianartige (Gentianales)
Family : Dog poison family (Apocynaceae)
Subfamily : Rauvolfioideae
Tribe : Plumerieae
Genre : Plumeria
Scientific name
Plumeria
L.

Plumeria is a genus of plants in the subfamily Rauvolfioideae within the dog venom family (Apocynaceae). The 20 or so species are common in the Neotropics .

description

Illustration from Flore médicale des Antilles, ou, Traité des plantes usuelles, Plate 178 of the West Indian Frangipani ( Plumeria alba )

Vegetative characteristics

The Plumeria species grow as deciduous trees or shrubs . They contain plenty of milky juice . The fleshy twigs have a diameter of 2 to 3 centimeters.

The leaf axils are glandular. The alternate or spiral, mostly heaped leaves at the branch tips are coarse and petiolate.

Generative characteristics

The lateral or terminal, compound inflorescences often contain many flowers. The large bracts fall off during the flowering period.

The waxy, fragrant, hermaphrodite, radially symmetrical flowers are five-fold. The five fused sepals are short with the same or different shaped sepals and have no glands. The five petals are fused bowl-shaped to funnel-shaped. The narrow corolla tube, hairy on the inside, ends in five extended corolla lobes that overlap clockwise. The colors of the petals range from white to yellow and from light to dark pink. If there is a disc, it is meaty. There is only one circle with five fertile stamens ; they are fused with the base of the corolla tube, but not with the pistil. The two ovaries are semi-independent with many ovules arranged in several rows . The short stylus ends in a two-column scar.

Two elongated follicles containing many seeds are formed per flower . The seeds have membranous wings. The endosperm is fleshy. The two cotyledons ( cotyledons ) are elongated and Radicula is short.

distribution

The Plumeria species are common in the Neotropics . They occur in Mexico , on the Caribbean islands and from northern South America to Brazil . The center of biodiversity is Cuba with around ten endemic species .

West Indian Frangipani ( Plumeria alba )
Fragrant frangipani ( Plumeria obtusa )
Habit of Plumeria pudica
Inflorescence of Plumeria pudica

Systematics

The genus Plumeria was 1753 Carolus Linnaeus in the 1 st edition of Species Plantarum placed . The botanical genus name Plumeria honors the French botanist Charles Plumier . The type species is Plumeria rubra L. A synonym for Plumeria L. is Plumieria Scop. , orth. var.

In the past, seven to eight species were assigned to the genus Plumeria , with some authors up to 20 species and natural hybrids:

  • West Indian Frangipani ( Plumeria alba L. , Syn .: Plumeria revolutifolia Stokes , Plumeria hypoleuca var. Angustifolia Gasp. , Plumeria alba var. Jacquiniana A.DC. ): It occurs originally from Puerto Rico to the Antilles.
  • Plumeria clusioides Griseb. : She is endemic to Cuba .
  • Plumeria cubensis Urb. : She is endemic to Cuba.
  • Plumeria ekmanii Urb. : She is endemic to Cuba.
  • Plumeria emarginata Griseb. : She is endemic to Cuba.
  • Plumeria filifolia Griseb. : She is endemic to eastern Cuba.
  • Plumeria inodora Jacq. : It occurs from Colombia to Guyana.
  • Plumeria krugii Urb. : It occurs in Puerto Rico.
  • Plumeria lanata Britton : She is endemic to Cuba.
  • Plumeria magna Zanoni & MMMejía : It occurs in the Dominican Republic.
  • Plumeria montana Britton & P.Wilson : She is endemic to Cuba.
  • Frangipani ( Plumeria obtusa L. Syn .: Plumeria obtusa var. Typica Woodson nom. Inval., Plumeria obtusa var. Laevis Griseb. , Plumeria obtusa var. Sericifolia (C. Wright ex Griseb.) Woodson , Plumeria apiculata Urb. , Plumeria bahamensis Urb. , Plumeria barahonensis Urb. , Plumeria beatensis Urb. , Plumeria bicolor Seem. , Plumeria casildensis Urb. , Plumeria cayensis Urb. , Plumeria confusa Britton , Plumeria cuneifolia Helwig , Plumeria estrellensis Urb. , Plumeria hypageria Britton . , Plumeria , Plumeria jamaicensis Britton nom. illeg., Plumeria marchii Urb. , Plumeria multiflora Standl. , Plumeria nipensis Britton , Plumeria nivea Mill. , Plumeria ostenfeldii Urb. , Plumeria parvifolia Donn , Plumeria portoricensis Urb. , Plumeria tenorei Gazparr. , Plumeria versicolor Dehnh . ): It is native to Florida, the Caribbean and from southeastern Mexico to Guatemala.
  • Plumeria pudica Jacq. : It occurs from Panama to northern Venezuela.
  • Red Frangipani ( Plumeria rubra L. , Syn .: Plumeria acuminata W.T. Aiton , Plumeria acutifolia Poir. , Plumeria angustifolia A.DC. , Plumeria arborea Noronha nom. Nud., Plumeria arborescens G.Don , Plumeria aurantia Endl. , Plumeria aurantia Lodd ex G.Don , Plumeria aurantiaca Steud. , Plumeria bicolor Ruiz & Pav. , Plumeria blandfordiana Lodd.ex G.Don , Plumeria carinata Ruiz & Pav. , Plumeria conspicua G.Don , Plumeria gouanii D.Don ex G.Don , Plumeria incarnata Mill. , Plumeria jamesonii Hook. , Plumeria kerrii G.Don , Plumeria kunthiana Kostel. , Plumeria lambertiana Lindl. , Plumeria loranthifolia Müll.Arg. , Plumeria lutea Ruiz & Pav. , Plumeria macrophylla Lodd. Ex G.Don , Plumeria macrophylla Lodd. Ex G.Don mariaelenae J.F.Gut. & J.Linares , Plumeria megaphylla A.DC. , Plumeria mexicana G.Lodd. , Plumeria milleri G.Don , Plumeria mollis Kunth , Plumeria northiana Lodd.ex G.Don , Plumeria purpurea Ruiz & Pav. , Plumeria tenuifolia Lodd. ex G.Don , Plumeria tricolor Ruiz & Pav. , Plumeria rubra var. acu tifolia (Poir.) LHBailey & EZBailey , Plumeria rubra var. acuminata (WTAiton) RSRao & Balamani ): It occurs originally from Mexico to Venezuela.
  • Plumeria sericifolia C. Wright ex Griseb. : She is endemic to Cuba.
  • Plumeria × stenopetala Urb. (= Plumeria obtusa × Plumeria subsessilis ): It occurs on Hispaniola.
  • Plumeria subsessilis A.DC. : It occurs on Hispaniola.
  • Plumeria trinitensis Britton : It is endemic to Cuba.
  • Plumeria tuberculata G.Lodd. : It occurs from the Bahamas to Hispaniola.
  • Plumeria venosa Britton : It is endemic to Cuba.

symbolism

The West Indian Frangipani ( Plumeria alba ) is the national flower of Nicaragua , known here under the national name Sacuanjoche. Your image decorates u. a. the background of each page of the Nicaraguan passport .

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Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f Bingtao Li, Antony JM Leeuwenberg, David J. Middleton: Apocynaceae. : Plumeria , p. 153 - the same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China. Volume 16: Gentianaceae through Boraginaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 1995, ISBN 0-915279-33-9 .
  2. ↑ Urs Eggli (Ed.): Succulents Lexicon. Dicotyledons (dicotyledons) . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-8001-3915-4 , pp. 12 .
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Plumeria. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved November 11, 2017.
  4. ↑ Carl von Linné : Species Plantarum. 1st edition. Lars Salvius: Stockholm 1753, p. 209; scanned at botanicus.org .

literature

  • S. Nazimuddin, M. Qaiser: Plumeria in the Flora of Pakistan . (engl.)
  • Robert E. Woodson, Jr .: Studies in the Apocynaceae. VII. An Evaluation of the Genera Plumeria L. and Himatanthus Willd . In: Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden . tape 25 , no. 1 , February 1938, p. 189-224 , doi : 10.2307 / 2394479 .
  • Hans Lippold: The genus Plumeria L. (Apocynaceae) on Cuba. In: Feddes Repertorium , Volume 90, No. 4, 1979, pp. 193-215. doi : 10.1002 / fedr.19790900402
  • P. Acevedo-Rodríguez, MT Strong: Catalog of seed plants of the West Indies. In: Smithsonian Contributions to Botany , Volume 98, 2012, pp. 1–1192.

Web links

Commons : Plumeria  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files