DR series 85
| DR series 85 | |
|---|---|
 85 007 in Freiburg im Breisgau
|
|
| Numbering: | 85 001-010 |
| Number: | 10 |
| Manufacturer: | Henschel |
| Year of construction (s): | 1932-1933 |
| Retirement: | 1961 |
| Type : | 1'E1 'h3t |
| Gauge : | 1,435 mm |
| Length over buffers: | 16,300 mm |
| Height: | 4,550 mm |
| Width: | 3,050 mm |
| Total wheelbase: | 12,500 mm |
| Empty mass: | 107.5 t |
| Service mass: | 133.6 t |
| Friction mass: | 99.7 t |
| Wheel set mass : | 20.1 t |
| Top speed: | 80 km / h |
| Indexed performance : | 1,103 kW |
| Starting tractive effort: | ~ 280 kN |
| Driving wheel diameter: | 1,400 mm |
| Impeller diameter front: | 850 mm |
| Rear wheel diameter: | 850 mm |
| Control type : | Heusinger |
| Number of cylinders: | 3 |
| Cylinder diameter: | 600 mm |
| Piston stroke: | 660 mm |
| Boiler overpressure: | 14 bar |
| Number of heating pipes: | 155 |
| Number of smoke tubes: | 41 |
| Heating pipe length: | 4,700 mm |
| Grate area: | 3.55 m² |
| Radiant heating surface: | 15 m² |
| Tubular heating surface: | 180.31 m² |
| Superheater area : | 72.50 m² |
| Evaporation heating surface: | 195.31 m² |
| Water supply: | 14 m³ |
| Fuel supply: | 4.5 t |
| Brake: | Braking equipment for steep sections: Riggenbach counter pressure brake , compressed air brake with additional brake, throw lever brake |
| Train heating: | steam |
The class 85 was a tank locomotive type ( unit locomotive ) of the Deutsche Reichsbahn (DR) . The locomotives were used to transport passenger and freight trains as well as to serve as a pushing locomotive on routes with steep gradients.
history
In order to be able to convert the Höllentalbahn in the Black Forest with its gradients of up to 57.14 ‰ from operation as a rack railway to pure friction railway operation , the DR ordered ten heavy tank locomotives from Henschel in Kassel in 1931 , which were included in the operating stock under the company numbers 85 001-010. A use of the slightly more powerful, but with a permissible top speed of only 65 km / h also slower Prussian T 20 on the Höllentalbahn was out of the question due to a lack of locomotives. A replica of the T 20 was not made due to the age of its construction.
All of the locomotives delivered in 1932 and 1933 were initially assigned to the Neustadt branch of the Villingen railway depot and used on the Black Forest Railway , the Höllental Railway and the Dreiseen Railway . In 1933 they were assigned to the Freiburg P depot and performed almost all of the train services on the Höllentalbahn, which had been switched from cogwheel to friction operation in the same year. They remained permanently stationed there except for the 85 004, which was destroyed in World War II, and a short-term loan of a few machines to the Villingen depot for use on the Black Forest Railway . The electrification of the line did not make the locomotives superfluous either. Sometimes they were used together with the electric locomotives. The conversion of the Höllentalbahn from electrical test operation with 20 kV / 50 Hz to the voltage 15 kV / 16 2/3 Hz customary for the German Federal Railroad in 1960 led to decommissioning of eight of the locomotives with the date May 29, 1960. 85 006 and 007 remained as an operating reserve, 85 002 and 009 were still a few years as a heating engine in the Karlsruhe repair shop. Locomotive 85 007 was still in use for about a year on the steep ramp Erkrath-Hochdahl , for which it received a cellar coupling for uncoupling while driving. This service ended when the deadline expired on June 14, 1961, and after a short-term grace period as a heating locomotive in the Bestwig depot, it was also retired on December 4, 1961.
Constructive features and capabilities
In the construction of the 85 series, the standardization concept associated with the creation of the standard locomotives could be fully exploited. The chassis and engine were largely adopted from those of the pre-series locomotives of the series 44 (44 001 to 44 010).
The bar frames were made from 100 mm thick plates that were machined on all sides in accordance with the basic principles of the standard locomotives.
The boilers of the machines were, apart from the differently designed smoke chamber, identical in construction to those of the 62 series. The long shell was therefore riveted from two sections with an inner diameter of 1,800 mm. A piston composite feed pump with a surface preheater and a suction steam jet pump were provided as feed devices.
The three-cylinder superheated steam engine with simple steam expansion was taken over from the 44 series (pre-series). The two outer cylinders thus acted on the third coupled gear set, while the inner cylinder acted on the cranked axle of the second coupled gear set. The central cylinder was controlled by a lifting disc on the axle.
With the exception of the rear axle and the arrangement of the fifth coupled wheel set together with this in a Krauss-Helmholtz steering frame, also taken over from the 44 series (pre-series), the coupled wheel sets two, three and four were stored firmly in the frame, with the middle coupled wheel set one Wheel flange weakening by 10 mm and a back weakening by 6 mm. The front running axle was arranged together with the first coupling axle in a Krauss-Helmholtz steering frame, as in the 44 series. The first and last coupling axles each had 15 mm side play, the running axles 80 mm.
In freight train service, the 85 series was able to transport a mass of 1,970 t wagon trains on the plain at 50 km / h. At 50 km / h, 405 t could be pulled on an incline of 10 ‰. On gradients of 25 ‰, 380 t were possible at 25 km / h and on those of 55.5 ‰ 165 t could still be moved at 20 km / h.
Whereabouts
The last of its kind, locomotive 85 007, belongs to the city of Freiburg im Breisgau . After they were taken out of service, they were installed in front of the Constance Engineering School in 1966 . In 1979 the locomotive was restored as a rollable exhibit by the Kameradschaftswerk der Eisenbahner Freiburg (KWE). Since 1992, it has been under a half-open wooden hall roof construction on the grounds of the Freiburg railway depot to protect it from snow and rainy weather and is preserved there as a technical industrial monument by the KWE.
literature
- Hans Scharf, Burkhard Wollny: The Höllentalbahn. EK Verlag, Freiburg 1987, ISBN 3-88255-780-X .
- Manfred Weisbrod, Hans Müller, Wolfgang Petznick: German Locomotive Archive: Steam Locomotives 3 (Series 61 - 98). 4th edition, transpress, Berlin 1994, ISBN 3-344-70841-4 , p. 118 ff., P. 334.
- Hendrik Bloem: The bull from Hell Valley. In: Konrad Koschinski, Hendrik Bloem, Fritz Wolff. Series 44 and 85. Eisenbahn Journal Extra 2/2015, Verlagsgruppe Bahn, Fürstenfeldbruck 2015, ISBN 978-3-89610-419-9 , pp. 98–110.
- Hendrik Bloem: Class 85: The Bull from Hell Valley. In: Eisenbahn Journal May 2017, Verlagsgruppe Bahn, Fürstenfeldbruck 2017, ISSN 0720-051X , pp. 38–45.
- Oliver Strüber: Three cylinders for Hell Valley . In: railway magazine . No. 9 , 2017, ISSN 0342-1902 , p. 16-23 .
Web links
- History BR 85 in the Höllental Black Forest
- 85 007
- Series 85 history
- 85 007 1956 at the Joachim Schmidt Railway Foundation
