Parvoviridae

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Parvoviridae
Parvovirus in Blood.jpg

Parvovirus B19 , officially Primate erythroparvovirus 1

Systematics
Classification : Viruses
Area : Monodnaviria
Empire : Shotokuvirae
Phylum : Cossaviricota
Class : Quintoviricetes
Order : Piccovirales
Family : Parvoviridae
Taxonomic characteristics
Genome : (+) and (-) ssDNA , linear
Baltimore : Group 2
Symmetry : icosahedral
Cover : uncovered
Scientific name
Parvoviridae
Left
NCBI  Taxonomy: 10781
ViralZone ( ExPASy , SIB): 103
ICTVdB Virus Code : 00.050.1.01

The virus family Parvoviridae ( parvoviruses ) includes species which a single-stranded DNA - genome wear. The virions (virus particles) of the Parvoviridae have a diameter between 18 and 26 nm; as they are among the smallest viruses, their name is derived from the Latin parvus (small). Parvoviruses are not enveloped , which makes them very resistant to external influences.

The Parvoviridae family is divided into two subfamilies: The Parvovirinae and the Densovirinae .

Subfamily Parvovirinae

Among the Parvovirinae which only vertebrates infect that count genres Amdoparvovirus (aka Amdovirus ) Aveparvovirus , Bocaparvovirus (aka Boca virus ), Copiparvovirus , Dependoparvovirus (aka Dependovirus ) Erythroparvovirus (aka Erythrovirus ) Protoparvovirus and Tetraparvovirus (both together earlier Parvovirus ). The diseases caused by virus species of the parvovirus genus are called parvoviruses .

Genus Dependoparvovirus

The dependoviruses (genus Dependoparvovirus , formerly Dependovirus , e.g. adeno- associated viruses ) depend on helper viruses in order to replicate . Adenoviruses , herpes viruses and vaccinia viruses come into question as helper viruses . If these helper viruses are missing, then the adeno-associated viruses can pass into a latency state in that they incorporate their own genome into the cellular genome in a relatively location-specific manner and thus remain in the organism for life. In the event of co-infection with the corresponding helper virus, the integrated viral genome can be reactivated. The adeno-associated viruses AAV-2, AAV-3 and AAV-5 can infect humans via droplet infection . Presumably over 90% of adults are infected, but no symptoms are known.

Genus Erythroparvovirus

The erythroparvoviruses (genus Erythroparvovirus , formerly Erythrovirus ) have a pronounced tropism to dividing progenitor cells of erythrocytes , the erythroblasts . For the replication of their genome they are dependent on the cellular polymerases present in the S phase . The parvovirus B19 , the causative agent of rubella, belongs to this genus .

  • Species Primate erythroparvovirus 1 , formerly Parvovirus B19 or Erythrovirus B19 (B19V)
  • Species Primate erythroparvovirus 2
  • Species Primate erythroparvovirus 3
  • Species Primate erythroparvovirus 4
  • Species Rodent erythroparvovirus 1
  • Species ungulate erythroparvovirus 1

Genus Protoparvovirus

The viruses of this genus replicate autonomously. They almost exclusively include animal pathogens (only disease-causing in animals) and can cause serious diseases in pets and farm animals. These viruses are very closely related to one another with a homology extending over the entire genome with a sequence identity of more than 98%. Erin Elizabeth Schirtzinger et al list the following species:

The canine parvovirus probably emerged directly from the feline parvovirus (pathogen causing the cat disease ) and appeared suddenly in 1978 . It spread very quickly worldwide, whereupon millions of dogs died in this pandemic . The parvoviruses in dogs and cats can now be controlled with the help of live vaccines. Parvovirus H-1 normally affects rodents , but it can also infect human cells , but does not cause any symptoms in humans.

Genus tetraparvovirus

According to the same authors, this genre includes:

  • Species Chiropteran tetraparvovirus 1
  • Species Primate tetraparvovirus 1
  • Species Ungulate tetraparvovirus 1
  • Species ungulate tetraparvovirus 2 (subspecies PPV3)
  • Species Ungulate tetraparvovirus 3 (Subspecies PPV2, Porcines Hokovirus, Porcines Partetravirus, Porcines PARV4, 'Cnvirus')
  • Species Ungulate tetraparvovirus 4

The term "Hokovirus" virus of the genus Tetraparvovirus however outdated and replaced accordingly Hokovirus now stands for one in Klosterneuburg near Vienna, together with the closely related Klosneuvirus found giant virus from the family of mimiviridae .

Genus Copiparvovirus

According to ICTV and NCBI

  • Species Ungulate copiparvovirus 1 (type species with subspecies Bovine parvovirus - 2 )
  • Species Ungulate copiparvovirus 2 (The above source lists for this genus: Subspecies Porcine parvovirus PPV4 and PPV5)
  • unclassified viruses: Roe deer copiparvovirus

Genus Bocaparvovirus

This subheading includes B. according to these authors:

  • Species primate bocaparvovirus 1 (subspecies human bocavirus 1 and 3, gorilla bocavirus)
  • Species primate bocaparvovirus 2 (subspecies human bocavirus 2a, 2b, 2c and 4)
  • Species Ungulate bocaparvovirus 2 (Subspecies Porcines Bocavirus 1, 2 and 6)
  • Species Ungulate bocaparvovirus 3 (Subspecies Porcines Bocavirus 5)
  • Species Ungulate bocaparvovirus 4 (Subspecies Porcines Bocavirus 7)
  • Species ungulate bocaparvovirus 5 (Subspecies Porcine Boca virus 3, 4-1 and 4-2).

Subfamily Densovirinae

The second subfamily of the Densovirinae includes the parvoviruses of insects and other arthropods with the following genera:

  • Species asteroid ambidensovirus 1
  • Species Blattodean ambidensovirus 1 (outdated: Pefudensovirus , Periplaneta fuliginosa densovirus , PfDNV)
  • Species Blattodean ambidensovirus 2
  • Species Decapod ambidensovirus 1
  • Species Dipteran ambidensovirus 1
  • Species Hemipteran ambidensovirus 1
  • Species Hemipteran ambidensovirus 2
  • Species Hemipteran ambidensovirus 3
  • Species Hymenopteran ambidensovirus 1
  • Species Lepidopteran ambidensovirus 1 (type species)
  • Species Orthopteran ambidensovirus 1
  • Species Dipteran brevidensovirus 2 (type species)
  • Species Decapod hepandensovirus 1 (type species)
  • Species Lepidopteran iteradensovirus 1 (type species)
  • Species Decapod penstyldensovirus 1 (type species)

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e ICTV: ICTV Taxonomy history: Primate erythroparvovirus 1 , EC 51, Berlin, Germany, July 2019; Email ratification March 2020 (MSL # 35)
  2. ↑ Peter J. Walker: 2019.005GUv1.Monodnaviria , on: ICTV Proposals, October 19, 2019
  3. ↑ SIB: Erythroparvovirus , on: ViralZone
  4. ↑ SIB: Protoparvovirus , on: ViralZone
  5. ↑ a b c d Erin Elizabeth Schirtzinger, Andrew Suddith, Benjamin M. heim, Richard A. Hesse: First identification of porcine parvovirus 6 in North America by viral metagenomic sequencing of serum from pigs infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus . In: Virology Journal , October 2015, (12), p. 170, doi: 10.1186 / s12985-015-0401-6
  6. ↑ NCBI: Kilham rat virus (no rank)
  7. ↑ Werner Nicklas: Kilham Rat Virus (KRV) , on: gv-solas, DKFZ Heidelberg
  8. ↑ Attila Cságola, Zoltán Zádori, István Mészáros, Tamás Tuboly; Yi Li (Ed.): Detection of Porcine Parvovirus 2 (Ungulate Tetraparvovirus 3) Specific Antibodies and Examination of the Serological Profile of an Infected Swine Herd . In: PLOS ONE , 2016, 11 (3), p. E0151036, online on March 14, 2016, doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0151036 , PMC 4790921 (free full text), PMID 26974825 , Fig1
  9. ↑ NCBI: [1] (gender)
  10. ↑ SIB: Ambidensovirus , on: ViralZone