Slim tetra
Slim tetra | ||||||||||||
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Gold banded tetras ( Nannostomus harrisoni ) |
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Systematics | ||||||||||||
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Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Lebiasinidae | ||||||||||||
Gill , 1893 |
The slender tetra (Lebiasinidae), also known as the injection tetra, are a family of the tetra-like order . The fish live all over South America (except in Chile ), as well as in Central America in Panama and Costa Rica . A few species are neozoa in Trinidad and Tobago . Especially the small species from the subfamily Pyrrhulininae, which is characterized by a short maxillary ( upper jaw ), are popular freshwater ornamental fish .
features
The slender fish, which are only slightly compressed at the sides, are 1.6 to 16 centimeters long. The head is usually pointed, the mouth small and overhanging . An adipose fin can be present or absent. The scales are cycloid and large. The anal fin has 8 to 14 fin rays . The dorsal fin is usually located above the pelvic fins in front of the anal fin, in the tribe Pyrrhulinini it can also be behind it. The caudal fin is short and forked, in the tribe Pyrrhulinini, the upper part is larger. The lateral line organ is reduced to a few scales, it can also be completely absent. Some genera show a sexual dimorphism , the fins of the males are elongated.
Way of life
Slim tetra live mainly in partially shaded, heavily overgrown, standing water. They are not schooling fish, but live in loose associations.
Systematics
In 2003, Marilyn Weitzman and Stanley H. Weitzman counted two subfamilies, two tribes, seven genera and 61 species to the Lebiasinidae family, with Pyrrhulina melanostoma not being considered by them. After 2003 a further 7 new species were described and new species that were not yet described were pointed out:
Subfamily Pyrrhulininae
Three Branchiostegal rays , maxillary short.
- Tribe Nannostomini
- Genus Nannostomus
- Nannostomus anduzei Fernandez & Weitzman, 1987
- Ribbed tetra ( Nannostomus beckfordi ) Günther, 1872
- Two-band ornamental tetra ( Nannostomus bifasciatus ) Hoedeman, 1954
- Nannostomus britskii Weitzman, 1978
- Two- striped ornamental tetra ( Nannostomus digrammus ) (Fowler, 1913)
- Black tetra ( Nannostomus eques ) Steindachner, 1876
- Espes ornamental tetra ( Nannostomus espei ) (Meinken, 1956)
- Nannostomus grandis Zarske, 2011
- Gold-banded ornamental tetra ( Nannostomus harrisoni ) (Eigenmann, 1909)
- Nannostomus limatus Weitzman, 1978
- Dwarf ornamental tetra ( Nannostomus marginatus ) Eigenmann, 1909
- Marylin's ornamental tetra ( Nannostomus marilynae ) Weitzman & Cobb, 1975
- Small ornamental tetra ( Nannostomus minimus ) Eigenmann, 1909
- Purple tetra ( Nannostomus mortenthaleri ) Paepke & Arendt, 2001
- Ornamental tetra ( Nannostomus nitidus ) Weitzman, 1978
- Nannostomus rubrocaudatus Zarske, 2009
- Three-banded ornamental tetra ( Nannostomus trifasciatus ) Steindachner, 1876
- Tie-in ornamental tetra ( Nannostomus unifasciatus ) Steindachner, 1876
- Genus Nannostomus
- Tribe Pyrrhulinini
- Genus Copeina (Fowler, 1906)
- Trout tetra ( Copeina guttata ) (Steindachner, 1876)
- Copeina osgoodi Eigenmann, 1922
- Genus Copella
- Spritzsalmler ( Copella arnoldi ) (Regan, 1912)
- Copella callolepis (Regan, 1912)
- Copella compta (Myers, 1927)
- Eigenmann's Copella ( Copella eigenmanni ) (Regan, 1912)
- Natterer's Copella ( Copella nattereri ) (Steindachner, 1876)
- Rainbow copella ( Copella vilmae ) Géry, 1963
- Genus Pyrrhulina
- Eye tetra ( Pyrrhulina australis ) Eigenmann & Kennedy, 1903
- Pyrrhulina beni Pearson, 1924
- Schuppenflecksalmler ( Pyrrhulina brevis ) Steindachner, 1876
- Pyrrhulina capim Vieira & Netto-Ferreira, 2019
- Pyrrhulina eleanorae Fowler, 1940
- Pyrrhulina elongata Zarske & Géry, 2001
- Pyrrhulina filamentosa Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1847
- Pyrrhulina laeta (Cope, 1872)
- Pyrrhulina lugubris Eigenmann, 1922
- Pyrrhulina macrolepis Ahl & Schindler, 1937
- Pyrrhulina maxima Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889
- Pyrrhulina melanostoma (Cope, 1870)
- Pyrrhulina obermulleri Myers, 1926
- Rachov's Pyrrhulina ( Pyrrhulina rachoviana ) Myers, 1926
- Giant Pyrrhulina ( Pyrrhulina semifasciata ) Steindachner, 1876
- Three-point pyrrhulina ( Pyrrhulina spilota ) Weitzman, 1960
- Pyrrhulina stoli Boeseman, 1953
- Head-banded tetra ( Pyrrhulina vittata ) Regan, 1912
- Zigzag Pyrrhulina ( Pyrrhulina zigzag ) Zarske & Géry, 1997
- Genus Copeina (Fowler, 1906)
Subfamily Lebiasininae
Four Branchiostegal rays , maxillary relatively long.
- Genus Derhamia
- Derhamia hoffmannorum Géry & Zarske, 2002
- Genus Lebiasina
- Lebiasina bimaculata Valenciennes, 1847
- Lebiasina chucuriensis Ardila Rodríguez, 2001
- Lebiasina floridablancaensis Ardila Rodríguez, 1994
- Lebiasina intermedia Meinken, 1936
- Lebiasina marilynae Netto-Ferreira, 2012
- Lebiasina melanoguttata Netto-Ferreira, 2012
- Lebiasina minuta Netto-Ferreira, 2012
- Lebiasina multimaculata Boulenger, 1911
- Lebiasina narinensis Ardila Rodríguez, 2002
- Lebiasina provenzanoi Ardila Rodríguez, 1999
- Lebiasina uruyensis Fernández-Yépez, 1967
- Lebiasina yuruaniensis Ardila Rodríguez, 2000
- Genus Piabucina
- Piabucina astrigata Regan, 1903
- Piabucina aureoguttata Fowler, 1911
- Piabucina boruca Bussing, 1967
- Piabucina elongata Boulenger, 1887
- Piabucina erythrinoides Valenciennes, 1850
- Piabucina festae Boulenger, 1899
- Piabucina panamensis Gill, 1877
- Piabucina pleurotaenia Regan, 1903
- Piabucina unitaeniata Günther, 1864
literature
- Joseph S. Nelson, Fishes of the World , John Wiley & Sons, 2006, ISBN 0-471-25031-7 .
- Günther Sterba : The world's freshwater fish. 2nd Edition. Urania, Leipzig / Jena / Berlin 1990, ISBN 3-332-00109-4 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Weitzman, M., & Weitzman, SH: Family Lebiasinidae (Pencil Fishes). in Reis, RE, SO Kullander & CJ Ferraris Jr. (eds.): Check List of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America , Edipucrs 2003, ISBN 8574303615 , pp. 241-251
- ↑ a b Robins, CR, RM Bailey, CE Bond, JR Brooker, EA Lachner, RN Lea and WB Scott: World fishes important to North Americans. Exclusive of species from the continental waters of the United States and Canada . At the. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. (21), 1991, p 243. quoted by fishbase.org (May 30, 2013)
- ↑ a b Axel Zarske: Nannostomus grandis spec. nov. - a new ornamental tetra from Brazil with comments on N. beckfordi GÜNTHER, 1872, N. anomalus STEINDACHNER, 1876 and N. aripirangensis MEINKEN, 193 (Teleostei: Characiformes: Lebiasinidae). (PDF; 1.5 MB) Vertebrate Zoology 61 (3), 2011, pp. 283-297.
- ↑ a b A. Zarske: Nannostomus rubrocaudatus sp. n. - a new ornamental tetra from Peru (Teleostei: Characiformes: Lebiasinidae). (PDF; 1.2 MB) Vertebrate Zoology 59 (1), 2009, pp. 11-23.
- ^ A b Zarske, A., & J. Géry: On the identity of Copella nattereri (Steindachner, 1876) including the description of a new species (Teleostei: Characiformes: Lebiasinidae). (PDF; 1.6 MB) Zoologische Abhandlungen (Dresden) 56, 2006, pp. 15–46.
- ↑ a b c d Netto-Ferreira, AL: Three new species of Lebiasina (Characiformes: Lebiasinidae) from the Brazilian Shield border at Serra do Cachimbo, Pará, Brazil. , Neotropical Ichthyology, 10 (3), pp. 487-498
- ↑ a b Ardila Rodríguez, C. A: Lebiasina narinensis, una nueva especie de pez para Colombia (Teleostei: Characiformes, Lebiasinidae). Dahlia (Revista de la Asociación Colombiana de Ictiólogos, ACICTIOS). No. 5, 2002: pp. 11-18. cited from Catalog of fishes (April 30, 2013)
- ↑ Axel Zarske: Copeina. In: Claus Schaefer, Torsten Schröer (Hrsg.): The large lexicon of aquaristics. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-8001-7497-9 , p. 254.
- ↑ Marinho, MMF & Menezes, NA (2017): Taxonomic review of Copella (Characiformes: Lebiasinidae) with an identification key for the species. PLoS ONE, 12 (8): e0183069. doi: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0183069
Web links
- Schlanksalmler on Fishbase.org (English)