Qatāda ibn Diʿāma

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Qatāda ibn Diʿāma as-Sadūsī, Abū ʾl-Chattāb , Arabic قتادة بن دعامة السدوسي ، أبو الخطاب, DMG Qatāda b. Diʿāma as-Sadūsī, Abū ʾl-Ḫaṭṭāb (died 735 - 736 ), was a Koran exegete and traditionalist with Basra's field of activity .

Life

As a Bedouin, he came from the Sadūs, the North Arabian tribe of the Banū Shaibān. Little is known about his life. Muhammad ibn Saʿd compiled the earliest reports about him in his "class register" . He was blind; In passing on his knowledge in the fields of Hadith , Koran exegesis, Arabic poetry and genealogy , he relied on his memory, which was already proverbial during his lifetime. For several years he was a student and companion of al-Hasan al-Basri . He is said to have owned a scroll (Arabic: Sahīfa ) of the companion of Mohammed Jābir ibn ʿAbdallāh († 697) and handed down the sayings of Mohammed that were contained therein. These traditions are received later in the hadith collection of Ahmad ibn Hanbal . According to some reports that mention al-Mizzī and adh-Dhahabī in their scholarly biographies , Qatāda died of the plague in Wasit in 735.

Works

Title page of K. al-manāsik. Part I. 12th century
  • His Koran exegetical writings have not survived. There is only a small fragment of only three leaves, which contains the abrogation of verses from the Koran and documents the study of the script in Alexandria on the colophon in 1177 , and was published in 1988: Kitāb an-nāsich wal-mansūch  /كتاب الناسخ والمنسوخ / Kitāb an-nāsiḫ wal-mansūḫ  / 'The abrogate and the abrogate'. In al-Tabari numerous excerpts, specifying the tradition paths obtained from his commentary on the Qur'an. Both his Koran exegesis and his work on abrogation were still known in the 15th century; Ibn Hajar al-ʿAsqalānī lists them in his "Scholarly Lexicon" , in a collection of titles of those works to which he had the right to tradition.
  • Kitāb al-manāsik كتاب المناسك / 'The book of pilgrimage ceremonies', of which only part I., is preserved in the tradition of his student Saʿīd ibn Abī ʿArūba (d. 773) and was first published in Beirut in 2000 . The work contains both explanations of Qatāda on ritual legal questions of the pilgrimage as well as his exegesis of those Koran verses, the content of which relates to the pilgrimage ceremonies, their stations, the meaning of the Meccan sanctuary , and also to the exemplary and thus exemplary behavior of Muhammad - "In the Messenger of God you are a fine example ”( sura 33 , verse 21) - refer to during his pilgrimage. In this first part of his work Qatāda interprets a total of fifteen verses from the Koran and twenty-three traditions according to the Prophet and his companions. In doing so, he represents the Sunnah that is to be followed on the pilgrimage in a short version.
In the interpretation of the following passage from the Koran, Qatāda refers to a reading variant:

“ As-Safā and al-Marwa are among the cult symbols of God. If one goes on the (great) pilgrimage to the house (the Kaʿba) or the visiting tour (ʿUmra), it is not a sin for him to socialize with them. "

- Sura 2 , Verse 158 : Translation: Rudi Paret
In some Koran copies - so Qatada - but read: "... it is no sin for him to deal with them not to do." This reading version of the Koran verse documented by Qatāda suggests the controversial design of pilgrimage ceremonies in the early days, because the places mentioned in the above Koran verse were already considered places of contact ( tawāf ) during the pilgrimage rites in the Koran in the pre-Islamic period ( tawāf ), which are then sanctioned as Islamic in the Koran were.
  • In Ibadite tradition, a collection of traditions and legal expertise has also been preserved under the title Aqwāl Qatāda . Apparently an Ibadite disciple of Qatāda, ar-Rabīʿ ibn Ḥabīb, played a major role in its creation. This collection was compiled by Ibāḍit Bišr ibn Ġānim (died around 815) from Khorasan . The work consists of seven parts ( aschzāʾ ), of which only the first four have been preserved. The “statements” (aqwāl) and doctrines of Qatāda rooted in the tradition of Basra in the late 8th century also live on in the Koran exegetical collection of the Ibāḍite Hūd ibn Muhakkam (died in the second half of the 9th century).

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ The Encyclopaedia of Islam . New Edition. Brill. Suffer. Vol. 9, p. 391
  2. ↑ Ibn Saad: Biographies ... ( Eduard Sachau ). Brill, Leiden 1918. Vol. VII. Part II. Pp. 1-3. S. XXXIV (table of contents in German)
  3. ↑ Fuat Sezgin (1967), p. 85
  4. ↑ Ignaz Goldziher : Muhammedanische Studien . Vol. 1. S. 10. Hall a. P. 1890
  5. ↑ Ed. Ḥātim Ṣāliḥ aḍ-Ḍāmin. Beirut 1988. The statement in Fuat Sezgin (1967), pp. 20 and 24: "Apart from the above-mentioned K. an-Nāsiḫ wa-l-mansūḫ from QATĀDA, which has been preserved for us ..." must be corrected. See ibid. P. 31
  6. ↑ Fuat Sezgin (1967), p. 32
  7. ↑ Heinrich Schützinger: The Kitāb al-Muʿǧam of Abū Bakr al-Ismāʿīlī . Franz Steiner, Wiesbaden 1978. pp. 41-43; Treatises for the Customer of the Orient (AKM), Volume XLIII, 3
  8. ^ Printed in Beirut. Al-Resalah Publishers. 1998. pp. 109 and 110
  9. ↑ Fuat Sezgin (1967), pp. 91-92
  10. ↑ Ed. ʿĀmir Ḥasan Ṣabrī. Dār al-baschāʾir al-islāmiyya.
  11. ↑ pp. 77-78. No. 34; Arthur Jeffery : Materials for the history of the text of the Qurʾān . The old codices. Brill. Leiden 1937. p. 28: based on the copy of the Koran by ʿAbdallāh ibn Masʿūd
  12. ↑ Rudi Paret: The Koran. Commentary and Concordance. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1980. p. 36
  13. ↑ Julius Wellhausen : Remains of Arab paganism. Berlin 1897. p. 77
  14. ^ The Encyclopaedia of Islam . New Edition. Brill, suffering. Vol. 8, p. 756
  15. ↑ Fuat Sezgin (1967), p. 586
  16. ↑ cf. van Ess: TuG II 143-145; Investigations into some Ibāḍite manuscripts . In: Journal of the German Oriental Society (ZDMG), 126 (1976), pp. 31–32; Ersilia Francesca: Early Ibāḍī jurisprudence: Sources and case of law . In: Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam (JSAI), 30 (2005), pp. 234–236
personal data
SURNAME Qatāda ibn Diʿāma
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Qatāda ibn Diʿāma as-Sadūsī
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Koran exegete and traditionarians working in Basra
DATE OF BIRTH 7th century or 8th century
DATE OF DEATH at 735