Reddening tangle of leaves
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Reddening tangle of leaves ( Daedaleopsis confragosa ) |
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| Daedaleopsis confragosa | ||||||||||||
| ( Bolton : Fr. ) J. Schröt. |
The reddening leaf tangle ( Daedaleopsis confragosa ), also called reddening tramete or rough tramete , is a type of fungus from the family of stem porlets (Polyporaceae). It is widespread, often grows in riparian forests on various deciduous trees and causes white rot in the affected wood .
features
Macroscopic features
The fruiting bodies reach a width between five and twelve centimeters and can protrude four to eight centimeters from the substrate. They are between one and three centimeters thick. The upper side is initially tinted whitish gray, later it turns from wine to ocher red and is slightly zoned. The surface is somewhat pitted or wrinkled radially, the growth zones are white.
The hymenophore on the underside is gray-white to pale wood-brown in color. It can be designed very differently depending on the fruiting body. The range of variation ranges from completely porous to porous-labyrinthine to almost lamellar (var. Tricolor ). However, the two extremes are rarer than the typical, greatly elongated, labyrinthine expression. On pressure, it turns wine-pinkish in fresh specimens. The openings in the fruit layer are up to 15 millimeters deep. The meat is pale wood-brown and has a cork-like, tough consistency. The spore powder is white.
Microscopic features
The spores measure 7-10 x 2-3 microns and are inamyloid . They are cylindrical to allantoid (slightly curved) in shape.
Species delimitation
The reddening of the hymenophore under pressure is characteristic of the reddening leaf tangle. The humpback tramete ( Trametes gibbosa ) has a similarly shaped hymenophore. Their flesh, however, is white and not brownish. The oak tangle ( Daedalea quercina ), which has a much coarser structured hymenophore and stronger growth, also has similarities ; it can also be found mostly on oaks.
ecology
The reddened leaf tangle prefers more or less nitrogenous white willow and alder-field elm alluvial forests , where it grows mainly on willows and alders . The fungus can also be found frequently in corresponding hardwood stands far from rivers, especially in shady areas and forests with high levels of humidity. He prefers to colonize hazel there . It is also found on roadsides, where it mainly attacks hornbeam , birch and mountain ash .
The reddening leaf tangle is a saprobiont and colonizes standing and lying trunks as well as branches that are still on the tree or on the ground. These could either have just died or already rotten. The fungus is rarely found on stumps of various hardwoods. It produces a very intense white rot in the affected substrate . Willows are infested in about half of all cases. Birch and alder follow at a great distance.
The fruiting bodies are annual, but can survive on the substrate for a very long time and can therefore be found all year round. Spore formation begins in autumn, increases in winter and subsides in early summer. The process is only briefly interrupted at average daily temperatures below minus three degrees Celsius with very low air humidity.
distribution
The reddening leaf tangle is widespread in North America to Mexico, in Europe and in Asia as well as in Australia and New Zealand. In the Holarctic it can be found submeridional to temperate .
In Europe, the area extends from Spain and Italy in the south to southern Fennoscandinavia and the Baltic in the north. However, it is rare in southern Scandinavia. To the east, the distribution extends to Belarus, Hungary and Ukraine, occasionally also in the Caucasus and the Urals . In general, the species has a focus in the sub- oceanic area and is absent or overlooked in strongly oceanic regions such as Portugal and Ireland as well as in the eastern Mediterranean in Greece and Albania.
In Germany, the mushroom penetrates far into the valleys of the Alps . The occurrences in more continental regions and in coniferous forest areas are significantly thinner.
Systematics
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A tricolor variety is often distinguished. This has a clearly stronger wine-red colored hat, which is, however, a little more uniformly tinted and on average a little smaller, as well as a lamellar, more silvery shiny hymenophore. Another characteristic is the preference for warmer locations. The var. Tricolor only colonizes substrates up to the submontane level and is rarely found there. Krieglsteiner, however, doubts the justification of this variety, since transitions between the shape of the hymenophore and the hat color can occur in all combinations even on the common substrate.
literature
- Ewald Gerhardt: FSVO manual mushrooms . 4th edition. BLV, Munich 2006, ISBN 3-8354-0053-3 .
- German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.): The large mushrooms of Baden-Württemberg . Volume 1: General Part. Stand mushrooms: jelly, bark, prick and pore mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3528-0 .
