Raspenburg
| Rastenberg | ||
|---|---|---|
| Alternative name (s): | Raspinberg | |
| Creation time : | from 1070 to 1078 | |
| Castle type : | Spurburg | |
| Conservation status: | ruin | |
| Standing position : | Landgraves | |
| Construction: | opus spicatum wall remains | |
| Place: | Rastenberg | |
| Geographical location | 51 ° 10 '42.2 " N , 11 ° 25' 18.3" E | |
| Height: | 236 m above sea level NN | |
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The Raspenburg is a ruined castle in the town of Rastenberg in the Sömmerda district in northeast Thuringia .
location
The castle complex is located on the northeastern outskirts of Rastenberg on a north-west facing mountain spur, which offered natural protection due to the steep drop. The castle was strategically important because of its location on an old road over the Finn .
history
The area around Rastenberg , Freyburg and Naumburg came shortly after 1085 through his marriage to Adelheid († 1110), the widow of the murdered Count Palatine Friedrich III. von Goseck , to Ludwig the Springer , who had his own castles built here a little later. In doing so, he substantially consolidated his new position in the Saale-Unstrut area.
The "Castrum Raspinberg" was a residence of Heinrich Raspe III. (1155–1180) from the Ludowinger dynasty . The last Ludowinger, Heinrich Raspe IV (1204–1247) also owned the castle. The Raspenburg was designed for permanent defense in the Landgraviate of Thuringia . At the same time, it was part of the network of station castles ( Creuzburg , Dryburg , Tenneberg , Runneburg , Eckartsburg and others) which in many ways served as a hostel , but primarily for the administration and defense of the Landgraviate. The aristocratic families of the neighboring towns were used as castle men and ministerials . In the Thuringian-Hessian War of Succession , which broke out after the death of Heinrich Raspe IV, a sideline of the Counts of Kevernburg , the Counts of Rabenswalde in Rastenberg, took over the regiment, from 1288 the Wettins, who succeeded the Ludowingers and Landgraves in West Thuringia, took over of Thuringia had also prevailed the Raspenburg. With the sale of the Landgraviate by Landgrave Albrecht to King Adolf von Nassau , his sons Friedrich and Dietzmann had been passed over.This led to bloody battles throughout the Wettin territory, in which the King himself intervened in 1294 and drove Albrecht's sons out during a campaign. The castle then changed hands several times and degenerated into a robber baron's nest . In 1324 it was besieged by Frederick the bitten with the aid of the imperial cities of Mühlhausen and Erfurt and destroyed after the castle crew had been driven out. The castle ruins and the associated land were received by the Counts of Orlamünde as a Wettin fiefdom and partially renewed. In 1378 the village of Rastenberg was elevated to a town by the Wettins , and the castle was now part of the town fortifications. The remains of the castle were used as a defensive position until 1525. When the country was divided in 1485 and 1572, Rastenberg became part of the Weimar line . The castle complex decayed militarily insignificant. It became the stone supplier for the city's buildings, especially after 3 city fires during the Thirty Years War . In 1804 the castle hill came into the possession of the city.
Modern times
The Rastenberg city council had the castle plateau cleared and planted linden trees on the edge and fruit trees in the former courtyard area. First attempts at excavation go back to 1856. Attempts at building with historicizing structures were rejected in 1933 by the Weimar District Building Office. After decades of calm, the castle tower was exposed again in 1994. In cooperation with the Friedrich Schiller University Jena , the entire Burgberg was geoelectrically surveyed and mapped in 1994 and 1995. Thus the size of the castle became apparent. With the possibilities of the LEADER program and with the support of the local working group “Northern District of Sömmerda”, the project was taken up again in 2004 and completed in 2005. The area was cleared of bushes, old fruit trees removed, the tower hole cleared of debris and an information pavilion built on the tower stump. Thus the remaining tower is secured and an information and resting point has been created. Today the area is used for parties and events.
investment
The original castle complex was laid out over a large area and is subdivided into a main castle and an outer castle area , which were jointly secured against the mountain by a staggered wall-ditch fortification. In the north, west and east the existing steep slope offers natural protection. With the exception of the exposed tower in the main castle, hardly any remains of the wall are visible.
literature
- Johann Heinrich Falckenstein: From the county and count of Raspenburg. In: Thuringian Chronicle. Volume 2, Erfurt 1738, 4, pp. 911–912 [1]
- Friedrich von Sydow : Legend of the founding of Rastenberg and the origin of its healing spring. In: Thuringia and the Harz: with their peculiarities, folk tales and legends. Volume 8, printed and published by FA Eupel, 1844, pp. 171–188.
- The Raspenburg. In: The Pfennig magazine for instruction and entertainment. F. Brockhaus, 1855, pp. 109-110.
- Thomas Bienert: "Burgstelle Rastenberg" - Medieval castles in Thuringia . Wartberg Verlag, Gudensberg-Gleichen 2000, ISBN 3-86134-631-1 , p. 289 .
- Michael Köhler: "Raspenberg, ..." - Thuringian castles and fortified prehistoric and early historical living spaces . Jenzig-Verlag, Jena 2001, ISBN 3-910141-43-9 , p. 205 .
- Werner Mägdefrau , Rainer Lämmerhirt, Dana Lämmerhirt: Thuringian castles and fortifications in the Middle Ages . Ed .: Heimat- und Verkehrsverein Mihla. Rockstuhl Verlag, Bad Langensalza 2001, ISBN 3-934748-43-0 .