Reiherwerder
Reiherwerder is a former island and today's peninsula of Lake Tegel in the Tegel district of Berlin's Reinickendorf district . The peninsula, encompassing 12.37 hectares, lies on the edge of the Tegel Forest on the northwestern shore of Lake Tegel. Its north bank forms the end of the Großer Malchsee bay , to the east of the lake is the Hasselwerder island . Reiherwerder protrudes around 300 meters south into the Tegeler See.
On the peninsula, which is not accessible to the public and largely protected as a garden monument, is the Borsig Villa , which is now used as the guest house of the German Foreign Ministry . Reiherwerder is also an archaeological site of graves and relics from the Bronze Age and the Slavic Period .
Today's use by the Federal Foreign Office
The entire peninsula is inaccessible to the public. The area is used, together with adjacent parts of the Tegel Forest and the shores of the Großer Malchsee, by the Foreign Service Academy of the Foreign Office, which has been training members of the middle, senior and senior foreign service since the beginning of 2006 . The area includes the Borsig Villa , the former country house of the Berlin entrepreneur family Borsig . The villa from 1913 now serves as the guest house of the German Foreign Ministry .
In addition to the central, country castle-like Borsig villa (construction started in 1908), the following buildings are located on the Reiherwerder: the original villa of the industrial Borsig family (also known as the Kleine or Alte Villa, 1906, based on designs by August Blunck , now renovated in accordance with the preservation order and used as an office building); Machine house (around 1906, also served as an apartment for the gardener family, extension demolished, remainder renovated, today as the “Ippendorf” examination room for the students); Garage house (historic house with a garage extension from the 1960s, renovated and expanded, house "Australia"); Farm and gate building (after 1908). New buildings were added: 1975 to 1977 a seminar and overnight accommodation of the German Foundation for International Development (DSE) ; since 2003 several accommodation houses (student apartments) and a seminar building (college).
Garden monument villa garden of the Borsig country house
With the villa garden of Landhaus Borsig , a large part of the peninsula is protected as a garden monument . The landscape park was laid out in 1913 on behalf of Ernst von Borsig by the company "Körner & Brodersen" of the city's horticultural director Albert Brodersen and his brother-in-law Gustav Körner. According to the monument database, the draft was probably created by Jürgens (marked with a question mark in the database), who was probably the garden architect Rudolph PC Jürgens (1850–1930), who had made a name for himself around 1900 with the Böckel estate . Before that, in 1888, Jürgens had already designed the outdoor facilities of Villa Hammerschmidt in Bonn and the neighboring Palais Schaumburg . In the architectural concept for the Federal Foreign Office's training facility, the architecture firm ELW Weitz & Sting describes the landscape garden as follows:
“The landscape park was originally planned as a consistent continuation of the architecture of Villa Borsig as a neo-baroque complex. Later on, this strict concept was changed in favor of integrating individual geometric garden elements into a more landscaped overall ensemble. Such individual design elements are, for example, the rosarium , the garden ground floor in the south of the Villa Borsig or the lime tree avenue on the banks of the villa. The individual areas are linked through a finely tuned network of paths with changing room sequences and cleverly arranged visual axes . Ernst von Borsig put on an extensive collection of exotic trees and plants, the bank areas were incorporated into the garden design by planting reeds and water lilies. "
From the island to the peninsula
It is very likely that there were even two islands: the Großer Reiherwerder and the Kleiner Reiherwerder. For the development of the peninsula from these two islands, the beginning of the 20th century is mentioned several times in the literature and also in the architectural conception of the training and further education facility of the Foreign Office. After that, Ernst Borsig, after having acquired the Reiherwerder from the von Humboldt family, had the separating marshy quarry dry from 1903 with extensive embankments and thus had the islands connected to the mainland. The fact that the quarry was drained does not necessarily mean that the Great and Small Reiherwerder have only lost their island character with these measures. Because maps from the years 1780, 1830 and the above map from 1842 already show the Reiherwerder as a compact land connected to the mainland.
Archaeological site of Reiherwerder
Numerous archaeological finds were made during the earthworks to drain the swamps, the excavation for the buildings and the villa garden.
Finds from the Bronze Age
In 1910/1913 the prehistoric magazine reported in several articles about the finds on the Reiherwerder. These included around one hundred shallow graves and pits with stool burials , a tone wheel, clay vessels, ointment bottles, stone axes, fire irons and animal bones. The finds, which most likely come from the Semnones , were mainly dated to the Late Early Period (2000–1600 BC), the Middle (1600–1300 BC) and the Late Bronze Age (1300–800 BC) .) dated. With the Tegeler Fließ , the Reiherwerder is one of the places with evidence of the earliest settlement in the Reinickendorf district.
The Märkisches Museum has a photo of one of the stool graves with the indication "Older Bronze Age, 1750ante / 1200ante".
Finds from the Slavic period
The Slavs, who after the migration of the Elbe Germans to Swabia in the late 6th and 7th centuries, moved into the presumably largely empty area east of the Elbe , also left their mark on the Reiherwerder. The most important find was an 82 cm long Franconian iron sword from the 10th century, which probably belonged to a Slavic nobleman. According to the historian Eberhard Bohm, the sword could have been conquered in battle, because Charlemagne had banned the export of weapons from the Frankish Empire to the east. Slavic evidence also on the sea islands Lindwerder and Scharfenberg prove that Reiherwerder belonged to the Slavic settlement chamber of the Heveller , which had its center on the former Havel island under the Spandau castle wall .
literature
- Michael Zaremba : Reinickendorf in the course of history: "Leave behind what is cloudy and wild ..." . be.bra verlag , Berlin 1999. ISBN 3-930863-63-4 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Süddeutsche Zeitung , online edition of March 4, 2010 ( Memento of the original of May 17, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b c Federal Office for Building and Regional Planning, architecture office ELW Weitz & Sting: Training and advanced training facility of the Foreign Office + guest house of the Federal Minister for Foreign Affairs. Explanation of the architectural concept. Berlin, without a date. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Entry in the state monument list: Villa garden of Landhaus Borsig
- ↑ European Garden Network - EGHN, Paths to Garden Art in Europe: Rudolph PC Jürgens ( Memento of the original from December 7, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ News about German antiquities (supplementary sheets to: Journal of Ethnology ). Ed .: Berlin Society for Anthropology, Ethnology and Prehistory , Verlag A. Asher & Co., Volume 42, Berlin 1910, pp. 598 f.
- ↑ Gartenflora, magazine for garden and flower studies . Ed .: Association for the Promotion of Horticulture in the Prussian State , No. 64, 1915, p. 251
- ↑ Berlin.de: Serenade am See ( Memento of the original from July 27, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Technische Universität Berlin, Architekturmuseum: NN, plans of Berlin and the surrounding area: Spandau. Inv: IGG 2927. The card probably dates from 1780, see the handwritten entry of the year at the bottom right.
- ↑ Technische Universität Berlin, Architekturmuseum: NN, plans of Berlin and the surrounding area: Charlottenburg, Spandau. Inv: IGG 2926. The card probably dates from 1830, see the handwritten entry of the year at the bottom right.
- ↑ H. Busse: Pits with stool burials and flat graves on the great Reiherwerder in the Tegeler See, district of Nieder-Barnim . In: Prehistoric Journal No. 2, 1910, pp. 66–78. See also: Authors / subject headings from 1913 with various information on the Reiherwerder.
- ↑ The picture with a skeleton in stool position is available on the Internet: Image index of art and architecture: Hockergrab Reiherwerder, older Bronze Age, 1750ante / 1200ante.
- ^ Eberhard Bohm: Spandau in Slavic times . In: Slavic castle, state fortress, industrial center. Studies on the history of the city and district of Spandau. Wolfgang Ribbe (Ed.), Colloquium-Verlag, Berlin 1983, p. 30 ISBN 3-7678-0593-6 . (The sword is shown on p. 31.)
- ^ Eberhard Bohm: The early history of the Berlin area (6th century BC to the 12th century AD) . In: Wolfgang Ribbe (Ed.), Publication of the Historical Commission in Berlin : History of Berlin . 1. Volume, Verlag CH Beck, Munich 1987, pp. 69ff, 98 ISBN 3-406-31591-7 .
Coordinates: 52 ° 35 ′ 14 ″ N , 13 ° 15 ′ 37 ″ E