Reina (Galilee)
| Reina | |||
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| Reina, local government building | |||
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| hebrew : | ריינה | ||
| arabic : | الرينة | ||
| State : |
 Israel
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| District : | North | ||
| Coordinates : | 32 ° 43 ' N , 35 ° 19' E | ||
| Height : | 318 m | ||
| Area : | 10.902 km² | ||
| Residents : | 18,891 (as of 2018) | ||
| Population density : | 1,733 inhabitants per km² | ||
| Community code : | 0542 | ||
| Time zone : | UTC + 2 | ||
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Reina ( Arabic الرينة, Hebrew ריינה, other spellings: Al-Raineh , Er-Reinah, Reine, Renie, Rene, Reneh, Réni ) is an Arabic village in Galilee , halfway between Cana and Nazareth . The place has 18,891 inhabitants (as of 2018). In the past Reina was considered one of the Christian-Arab villages in the area around Nazareth. Currently (as of 2004) about 20% of the population are Christians, 80% are Muslims.
Public buildings
- Local government (Regional Council)
- Jmahrih school
- School of the Latin Patriarchate , currently has 862 students, 689 of whom are Christians.
- Kindergarten of the Latin Patriarchate
Churches
- Greek Orthodox Church
- كنيسة العائلة المقدسة الأسقفية Anglican Church of the Holy Family
- Church of the Brethren Assembly
- Roman Catholic Church of St. Joseph the Worker
history
Ulrich Jasper Seetzen noticed in 1806 on his ride from Cana (Kuffr Kénneh) to Nazareth a village that he calls Réni, “where there is a spring. Half of the farmers consist of Mohammedans, the other half of Greek Christians. "
The earthquake that caused severe damage in Galilee on January 1, 1837, turned the village of Reina into a heap of rubble. About 200 people died in this village alone.
Edward Robinson found a church in Reina in 1852, namely the Greek Orthodox; He writes about the Muslims: “In every village there is a house that is used as a mosque.” A decade later, Titus Tobler names a branch church of the evangelical mission established by Johannes Zeller in Nazareth; the service was celebrated in Arabic according to the Anglican liturgy. After a German catechist celebrated the service in Reina in 1863 , Arab Christians, including a certain Kawat, later took on this task. Church members had converted from the Greek Orthodox Church to Protestantism, which caused tension.
In 1878 the Roman Catholic Parish of St. Joseph was founded, along with a school for boys, which was followed by a school for girls in 1922.
In 1887 a total of 1150 people, Christians and Muslims lived in Reina. According to the 1922 census, Reina was a village with 423 Christian and 324 Muslim inhabitants.
In 1927, Galilee was hit again by an earthquake, and Reina was the most devastated place. In 1945 790 Muslims and 500 Christians lived here. In the 1950s, as a result of the last earthquake, a new district arose, to which the Christian population in particular moved. The Roman Catholic Church took this into account by buying land in Neu-Reina and building a church here, which was named St. Joseph the Worker.
In 1957, the Israeli authorities confiscated land from the villages of Reina and Ein Mahil to establish the city of Nazareth Illit .
There is considerable tension within the Greek Orthodox community of Reina over the land sales by the patriarchate. When Theophilos III of Jerusalem wanted to celebrate the Divine Liturgy in the Orthodox Church of Reina on October 8, 2017 , he was received in front of the church by hundreds of protesting parishioners; only a few dozen followed him into the church to attend the service.
Attractions
For those traveling to Palestine in search of antiquity, there was not much to discover after the earthquake in Reina: "You can see a stone sarcophagus, which later often served as water troughs ..." There was an old water pipe, which was completely destroyed in the earthquake .
Archaeological sites
Reina became known in the summer of 2017 through the archaeological excavations that took place there under the direction of Yonatan Adler ( Ariel University ). The Israel Antiquities Administration examined the site on which a municipal sports center is to be built.
Yonatan Adler studied at the national-religious yeshiva Merkaz HaRav and was ordained a rabbi in 2001. He then studied archeology at Bar Ilan University; According to his dissertation topic (2011) The Archeology of Purity: Archaeological Evidence for the Observance of Ritual Purity in Ereẓ-Israel from the Hasmonean Period until the End of the Talmudic Era (164 BCE – 400 CE) he is a recognized expert on the archaeological traces that leaves the observance of the Purity Laws.
Adler's team uncovered an antique stone cutting workshop in Reina. Limestone vessels are a product group that is characteristic of priestly families in the vicinity of the Jerusalem Temple , but also for sections of the population ( Pharisees ) who imitated the lifestyle of the priests in terms of cultic purity. Since limestone, in contrast to ceramics, does not accept any cultic impurity according to the religious law , limestone vessels were so popular, despite their higher price, that a corresponding industry could develop.
The Torah states that ceramics that come into contact with a dead, unclean animal (e.g. insect, mouse) cannot be cleaned in any way, but must be broken ( Leviticus 11 : 32-33) . But the Torah makes no mention of stone vessels, and from this the rabbis concluded that stone could not be contaminated: "The unclean animal could have danced Fandango on it, and the vessel would have remained kosher." This made the heavy, difficult-to-clean limestone vessels in a practical matter in a household that is concerned with cultic purity.
In Reina, the archaeologists found an artificial cave that served both as a quarry for the extraction of limestone and as a workshop for the vessels. The cave walls still show the traces of processing from the quarrying of the limestone. On the floor there were thousands of stone cores that were left over as waste from the manufacture of the vessels, as well as the products in various stages of completion.
However, these findings from the 2017 excavation are not entirely new.
In his 1993 study of limestone vessels, Roland Deines mentions the following workshops: Ḥizme (cave northeast of Jerusalem), Abu Dis (cave south of Jerusalem) and a "workshop area on a hilltop near the village of Reina [...] Lathes were used in the manufacture." In 2001, a production facility for limestone vessels was discovered near Reina in a cave at the foot of Har Yona. During an excavation in 2010, further stone cores were discovered under the pebbles in the river bed of the Nachal Zippor, apparently waste from a stone cutting workshop. Accordingly, Reina was the central production location of this group of goods for Galilean customers.
See also
literature
- Ruth Schuster: 2,000-year Old Stoneware Factory in Israel Shows Galilee Jews Were as Zealous as Judeans , in: Haaretz , August 14, 2017 ( online )
- Daniel K. Eisenbud: Archaeologists find 2,000-Year-Old Rare Stone Vessel Used in Jewish Rituals , in: The Jerusalem Post , August 10, 2017 ( online )
- Roland Deines: Jewish stone vessels and Pharisaic piety. An archaeological-historical contribution to the understanding of John 2,6 and the Jewish purity halacha at the time of Jesus (WUNT, 2nd row, 52), Mohr Siebeck, 1993, ISBN 9783161460227 (partly online )
Web links
- Israel Antiquities Authority Official Channel: Excavations in Galilee Reveal a 2,000 Year-Old Stone Vessel Production Center
- Abdalla Mokary: Er-Reina
Individual evidence
- ↑ אוכלוסייה ביישובים 2018 (population of the settlements 2018). (XLSX; 0.13 MB) Israel Central Bureau of Statistics , August 25, 2019, accessed May 11, 2020 .
- ↑ אוכלוסייה ביישובים 2018 (population of the settlements 2018). (XLSX; 0.13 MB) Israel Central Bureau of Statistics , August 25, 2019, accessed May 11, 2020 .
- ↑ a b c d e Reineh Church Enlargement, Israel. P. 2 , accessed on February 6, 2018 .
- ↑ Rehabilitation and upgrading of computer labs in schools LPJ Reneh. Retrieved February 6, 2018 .
- ^ The Episcopal Diocese of Jerusalem: Holy Family Church, Reineh. Retrieved January 6, 2018 .
- ↑ Reineh Church Enlargement. Retrieved February 6, 2018 .
- ↑ Fr. Kruse (ed.): Ulrich Jasper Seetzen's travels through Syria, Palestine, Phenicia, the Transjordan countries, Arabia Petraea and Lower Egypt . tape 2 . Berlin 1854, p. 150 .
- ↑ Edward Robinson: Palestine and the countries adjoining to the south. Diary of a trip in 1838 . tape 3 , no. 1 . Hall 1841, p. 449 .
- ^ Gotthilf Heinrich von Schubert: Journey to the Orient in 1836 and 1837 . tape 3 . Erlangen 1839, p. 221–222 : "After three quarters of an hour, since setting out from Nazareth, we passed Raineh, who was completely destroyed by the last earthquake ..."
- ↑ Nicholas N. Ambraseys: The earthquake of January 1, 1837 in Southern Lebanon and Northern Israel. P. 934 , accessed February 6, 2018 .
- ^ Edward Robinson: Newer Biblical Research in Palestine and in the adjacent countries . Berlin 1857, p. 821 .
- ↑ Titus Tobler: Nazareth in Palestine: together with the appendix of the fourth migration . Berlin 1868, p. 251 .
- ^ Population List of the Liwa of Akka. In: Palestine Exploration Fund. P. 182 , accessed on February 6, 2018 .
- ↑ JB Barron: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922 . Jerusalem 1922.
- ^ Village Statistics, April 1945. Retrieved February 5, 2018 .
- ^ Una McGahern: Palestinian Christians in Israel: State Attitudes towards Non-Muslims in a Jewish State . Routledge, 2012.
- ^ Riah Abu El-Assal: Étranger de l'intérieur: la vie d'un Arabe israélien, Palestinien, Chrétien . Labor et Fides, Genève 2003, p. 56 .
- ↑ Jack Khoury: Protests Against Greek Orthodox Patriarch Intensify Over Church Land Sales. October 8, 2017, accessed February 6, 2018 .
- ↑ Titus Tobler: Nazareth in Palestine . S. 51 .
- ↑ Johann Nepomuk Sepp: Jerusalem and the Holy Land: Pilgrims' Book to Palestine, Syria and Egypt . tape 2 , 1863, p. 111 .
- ^ Yonatan Adler, Curriculum Vitae. Retrieved February 6, 2018 .
- ^ Ruth Schuster: 2,000-year Old Stoneware Factory .
- ↑ Roland Deines: Jewish stone vessels . S. 48 .