Reinhardtia
| Reinhardtia | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Reinhardtia | ||||||||||||
| Dear |
Reinhardtia is a palm genus native to Central America. It is the only representative of the Reinhardtieae tribe .
features
The representatives are small to medium-sized palm trees. They are single-stemmed or clump-forming, unarmed, monoecious and blooming several times. The trunk is upright and rarely more than 8 m high, usually significantly shorter. There are sometimes stilt roots at the base . The internodes are very short to moderately long, the leaf scars on the trunk are conspicuous.
The number of chromosomes is unknown.
leaves
The leaves are pinnate, bifid (two-part) or completely undivided. If they are undivided, they are ribbed and pinnate and have a short or clear apical notch. Sometimes windows form in the leaf, which is why the leaves dry up on the plant (marzescence) or fall off under their own weight. The leaf sheaths are tubular, but do not form a crown shaft. They dry up and then form an interwoven mass opposite the petiole. The membranous or fibrous ligula breaks down into individual fibers with increasing age. The petiole is well developed, concave or flat on the top, rounded or angular on the underside. The edge of the petiole can be winged. The leaflets are folded once or several times. Once they are folded, the tip of the leaflet is bifid; if they are folded several times, the tip of the leaf is toothed or torn out. In some species short cracks ("windows") appear near the rachis along the abaxial folds of the leaflets. These species are called window palms in English . The leaf sheath, stalk and ribs of the young leaves are covered with brown scales.
Inflorescences
The inflorescences are single, between the leaves (interfoliar) and are proterandric . They are spike-shaped or branched one or two times. They are shorter than or the same length as the leaves. The inflorescence stalk is very slender to medium strong and grows in length even after flowering. The cover sheet is tubular, membranous, two-keeled, has two triangular lobes distally, and is mostly enclosed in the sheath of the bract . There is a single bract on the peduncle. This is tubular or not, elongated, paper and initially enclosed by the cover sheet, later free and disintegrating due to the growth of the stem. There is rarely a second bract. The inflorescence axis ends in a simple spike (in Reinhardtia koschnyana ), or it has a few crowded rachillae (flower-bearing axes) at the tip. These are long, protrude above the inflorescence axis, and stand in the axilla of narrow, triangular bracts. The side axes can also branch one more time. All inflorescence axes are initially greenish and covered with brown scales. After fertilization, they turn orange-red to bright red. The bracts of the rachillae are spiral, subdistich or distich (two lines). They are short, triangular, and each has a triad of flowers in a shallow depression. In the distal area of the rachillae there are single or paired male flowers instead of the triads.
blossoms
The male flowers have a two-keeled, irregularly lobed and split bracteole. The three sepals are free, imbricat , obtuse and concave. The three petals are two to three times as long as the sepals, valvate and very short fused at the base. There are 8 to 40 stamens . The filaments are short, slender, briefly fused at the base and connected to the base of the petals. The anthers are baxifix or medifix, elongated, pointed at the end or bifid. They open latrors. A stamp rudiment is not developed. The pollen is ellipsoidal or flattened triangular, and slightly to marked asymmetry. The germ opening is a distal sulcus or a trichotomosulcus. The longest axis measures 37 to 53 microns.
The female flowers have a bracteole-like bracteole. The three sepals are free, spherical, imbricat. The three petals rise above the sepals. They are slightly imbricated and partly fused at the base and valvate distally, or they are consistently valvated. The upper half is spread out to bloom. The stamindoes fused at the base and fused with the petals very briefly or up to half of the petals. Distally, each part of the staminodial ring joins two to five teeth; these are usually upright and conspicuous to bloom. The gynoeceum is egg-shaped or ellipsoidal, three- sided at the base, with three ovules . The pen is solid, the scars are bent back to blossom. The ovules start a little above the base, their shape is not known.
Fruits and seeds
The fruits are solitary, black and are attached to the enlarged, reddish rachillae. The fruits are usually egg-shaped or ellipsoidal with apical scar remnants. The exocarp is smooth, the mesocarp is fleshy with two layers of flat longitudinal fibers; the endocarp is thin and fragile. The seed is egg-shaped or ellipsoidal, is basal or lateral. Usually it is furrowed by a few vascular cords. The raphe is superficial or indented. The endosperm is homogeneous or ruminate (furrowed).
Distribution and locations
The representatives come from Mexico to Panama , one species extends to the north-west of Colombia . They are representatives of the understory and grow mainly in lowland rainforests. Reinhardtia elegans and Reinhardtia gracilis var. Tenuissima rise up to 1000–1500 m above sea level.
Systematics
The genus Reinhardtia Liebm. is placed within the Arecaceae family in the Arecoideae subfamily and alone forms the Reinhardtieae tribe. The genus is monophyletic . The systematic position of the tribe within the Arecoideae is uncertain.
In the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew , the following types are recognized:
- Reinhardtia elegans Liebm. : The distribution area extends from the Mexican states of Oaxaca and Chiapas to Honduras.
-
Reinhardtia gracilis (H. Wendl.) Burret : The distribution area extends from Mexico to Colombia. It comes in four varieties:
- Reinhardtia gracilis var. Gracilior (Burret) HEMoore : It occurs in Mexico, Belize and Honduras.
- Reinhardtia gracilis var. Gracilis : It occurs in Guatemala, Belize, Honduras and Nicaragua.
- Reinhardtia gracilis var. Rostrata (Burret) HEMoore : It occurs in Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama and Colombia.
- Reinhardtia gracilis var. Tenuissima H.E. Moore : It occurs in the Mexican state of Oaxaca.
- Reinhardtia koschnyana (H.Wendl. & Dammer) Burret : The distribution area extends from Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama to Colombia.
- Reinhardtia latisecta (H. Wendl.) Burret : The home is Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica.
- Reinhardtia paiewonskiana Read, Zanoni & MMMejía : The homeland is the southwest Dominican Republic .
- Reinhardtia simplex (H. Wendl.) Burret : The home is the Mexican state of Chiapas , Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama and Colombia.
Reinhardtia was first described by Frederik Liebmann in 1849 , the type species is Reinhardtia elegans . The generic name was not explained by the first author, but it is likely to refer to a Danish family of naturalists. The Danish zoologist Johannes Theodor Reinhardt (1816 - 1882) was one of them.
literature
- John Dransfield, Natalie W. Uhl, Conny B. Asmussen, William J. Baker, Madeline M. Harley, Carl E. Lewis: Genera Palmarum. The Evolution and Classification of Palms . Second edition, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew 2008, ISBN 978-1-84246-182-2 , pp. 394-397.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Reinhardtia. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved August 5, 2018.
- ↑ a b Lotte Burkhardt: Directory of eponymic plant names . Extended Edition. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Free University Berlin Berlin 2018. [1]
