Sports helmet
The function of a sports helmet is to protect an athlete's head . This can be a protection:
- from foreign objects , for example from falling stones
- in case of a fall
- in the event of a collision with other people or objects.
In many sports it is recommended to wear a sports helmet, in some it is compulsory (e.g. in Germany when paragliding). In many competitions it is mandatory to wear a helmet .
Modern sports helmets
Modern sports helmets with a hard outer shell are usually made of resistant plastic material such as polycarbonate or ABS , often reinforced with glass , aramid or carbon fibers. The transition to industrial protective helmets ( construction helmet , forest helmet , etc.) is fluid; these helmets have to meet other test standards.
species
Different types of sports helmets have developed from different requirements:
- particularly light - for example bicycle helmets
- insensitive to temperature - for example ski and snowboard helmets
- Consuming a lot of energy - for example motorcycle helmets and automobile sports helmets
- particularly robust - for example climbing / rockfall helmets and football helmets
- Adjustment according to size and shape of the visor (grid or half protection) in ice hockey and inline hockey
- padded inside and out - for example boxer helmets
- Waterproof and airtight - for example diving helmets
- Insensitive to water - for example kayak helmets
There are also multi-purpose helmets that meet the test standards for several sports, for example ski helmets that are also suitable for climbing, skating and cycling. Riding helmets that also meet the bicycle helmet and ski standards.
Riding helmet
Depending on the intended use, there are different riding helmets:
- Riding helmet for leisure and jumping , is now also in dressage used
- Riding helmet for hunting rides
- Military helmet for eventing ("Military")
- Western helmet for western riding
- Race colored cap for race riding
With riders, the height of fall is higher than, for example, with skiing or cycling. Riding helmets must therefore be particularly stable (also because they are intended to soften a hoof kick against the helmet).
Skydiving helmet
Hard-shell helmets are used for parachuting, especially for school jumpers. The jumper can hit the dropping machine with his head when jumping through the wrong jump, as well as colliding with other jumpers in free fall, especially when jumping relative to one another. When landing, the jumper can hit his head against obstacles on the ground, especially in strong winds and when landing with the wind.
Mountain helmet
When mountaineering and climbing , the mountain helmet is used to protect against falling rocks and to protect against a fall with subsequent impact on the rock. Mountaineers and climbing students traditionally wear the helmet color red, while mountain guides wear neon yellow for better identification.
Others
The professional association of German surgeons (BDC) requires helmets to be compulsory on German ski slopes . According to BDC, around 43,000 German skiers are injured so badly on a slope at home and abroad that they need medical help. More than 3000 of them suffer serious head injuries. According to the BDC, helmets are compulsory for children up to the age of 15 in South Tyrol and parts of Austria.
Serious skiing accidents of celebrities have increased public awareness since around the year 2000 that skiing is a sport in which wearing a helmet is recommended. In 2013, the German Ski Association estimated that almost 80 percent of all skiers wear a helmet. While ski helmets were bought for almost 20 million euros in Germany in 2008, winter sports enthusiasts spent almost 47 million euros on head protection the following year. On January 1st, 2009 Dieter Althaus, then Prime Minister of Thuringia, collided with a woman on the Riesneralm in Austria. She drove without a helmet and died, Althaus wore a helmet.
The Safety in Skiing Foundation, founded in 1975, has been operating an “Evaluation Center for Skiing Accidents” (ASU) since the 1979/80 season. From 1979/80 to 2012/13, the number of accidents fell by more than 58 percent.
The Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health collects and publishes, among other things, data on accidental injuries in the home and leisure area. In doing so, it is based on estimates or projections by the Robert Koch Institute (RKI) on survey data (GEDA and KiGGS). Your statistics show for 2011 a. a. the following figures for Germany: 3.1 million leisure accidents , thereof 7,796 fatal accidents (of a total of 20,406 fatal accidents - that is 38.2 percent).
The Munich Higher Regional Court awarded a ski accident victim contributory negligence for the head injuries caused because he had not worn a ski helmet.
See also
- Overconfidence
- Risk Perception - Research Area of Psychology
- Risk , risk analysis , risk assessment
- Safety culture
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Homepage of the German Hang Glider Association
- ↑ Example of a multi-purpose helmet for skiing, climbing, skating and cycling ( memento of the original from October 26, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ spiegel.de December 27, 2013
- ↑ FAZ.net December 30, 2013: "Even the best helmet cannot protect 100 percent"
- ↑ ski helmets . In: DER SPIEGEL . ( spiegel.de [accessed on February 21, 2018]).
- ↑ www.ski-online.de
- ↑ Accidents and injuries in alpine skiing - 2012/13 (PDF, 10 pages)
- ↑ baua.de ( Memento of the original from January 1, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Accident victims also pay without a ski helmet. Arag, January 13, 2014, accessed May 4, 2014 .
- ↑ OLG Munich, March 22, 2012 - 8 U 3652/11
