UN Security Council Resolution 1325

UN Security Council Resolution 1325
Date:	October 31, 2000
Meeting:	4213
Identifier:	S / RES / 1325
Poll:	Pro: 15  Ent. :  Cons:
Object:	Women and Peace and Security
Result:	accepted
Composition of the Security Council 2000:
Permanent members:
CHN FRA GBR RUS USA
Non-permanent members:
ARG BGD CAN JAM MYS
MLI NAM NLD TUN UKR

The UN Resolution 1325 was passed unanimously by the UN Security Council on October 31, 2000 . In it, the member states of the UN, but above all the conflicting parties, were called upon for the first time to protect the rights of women and to include women equally in peace negotiations, conflict resolution and reconstruction. The resolution is considered a milestone for the observance and condemnation of sexual violence against women and girls; it is an important contribution to the realization of gender equality and respect for women's rights as human rights, as well as making clear reference to the general validity of human rights .

history

The UN resolution 1325 was suggested in October 2000 by Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah , the then Minister for Women of Namibia . At the time, Namibia had a seat on the UN Security Council . Thanks to the lobbying work of numerous women's organizations and the commitment of UNIFEM , it was possible to pass the resolution quickly and unanimously.

Furthermore, the resolution refers to previously existing international agreements and legal norms. An important basis for this was the convention adopted by the United Nations in 1979 to overcome all forms of discrimination against women, the so-called CEDAW convention . The adoption of the CEDAW Convention was - despite the Cold War - an agreement under international law, which was based on the motto of the ongoing UN Women's Decade (1975–1985) “Equality, Development and Peace”.

The UN human rights conference in Vienna in 1993 also recognized women's rights as human rights; This reference to human rights was subsequently also reflected in the fact that in 1994 a special rapporteur of the UN Secretary General was appointed on violence against women. The resolution was favored by years of successful and persistent lobbying by non-governmental organizations at the United Nations. In addition, the resolution is based on the Beijing Platform for Action of 1995. In the course of the fourth World Conference on Women, “Gender Mainstreaming” was adopted as a generally recognized goal. At the same time, in the course of the gender-specific human rights violations against women in the previous Yugoslav war and in the genocide in Rwanda in the 1990s, awareness of the problem within the international community increased at the beginning of this millennium .

content

UN Resolution 1325 requires the United Nations , the governments of the member states and non-state warring parties to take comprehensive measures to prevent violence and prosecute the perpetrators. In addition, it forms a framework for considering a gender perspective in peace processes. These include the improved participation of women in peace negotiations, the integration of women's concerns into the mandate of the UN peace missions, including the greater participation of women in military and civilian contingents.

In general, the core of the resolution can be summarized with the "3 Ps": participation of women in peace processes, prevention of wars and protection against gender-based violence.

implementation

On the initiative of Canada, the group was formed in 2001 by the United Nations level Friends of 1325 ( the 1325 Group of Friends ), a loose association of states that are particularly committed to the implementation of the UN resolution.

In 2005, the then UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan called on the member states to draw up national action plans to implement Resolution 1325. Each country can tailor these “National Action Plans” (NAP) to its respective circumstances. Among other things, the action plans contain a time frame in which the set goals are to be achieved, as well as concrete measures. By 2018, 79 countries had adopted such a National Action Plan, including:

• 2005 Denmark ,
• 2006 Norway , Sweden and the United Kingdom ,
• 2007 Austria , Spain and Switzerland (with an updated NAP from 2010),
• 2008 Ivory Coast , Finland , Iceland , the Netherlands and Uganda ,
• 2009 Belgium , Chile , Liberia , Portugal , Rwanda and Serbia ,
• 2010 Bosnia-Herzegovina , Estonia , France , Guinea-Bissau , Italy , Canada , the DR Congo , the Philippines , Sierra Leone , Slovenia and Serbia ,
• 2011 Croatia , Ireland , Lithuania , Nepal , Senegal and the USA ,
• 2012 Australia , Burundi , Georgia , Ghana , Mali and Togo ,
• 2013 Germany , Kyrgyzstan , Macedonia and Nigeria ,
• 2014 Gambia , Indonesia , Iraq , South Korea and Kosovo ,
• 2015 Afghanistan , Japan , New Zealand , Palestine and Paraguay .

Many NGOs criticize the fact that Resolution 1325 has not yet been able to develop any institutional force. The former Secretary General of the United Nations , Ban Ki-moon , also stated on September 25, 2010, with a view to the resolution's tenth anniversary, that “the successes of the past ten years have not met our own expectations” . Nonetheless, Resolution 1325 today offers women's organizations in post-war countries an international legal basis to demand national legislative reforms, protection against violence, the punishment of war criminals , gender equality and increased political participation in the peace process from their own governments. The action plans also serve to ensure the transparency of implementation and thus put pressure on the respective governments to enforce Resolution 1325.

By means of Resolution 2122 (2013) of the UN Security Council has included a "High-level Review" suggested that of moon Ki-Ban at UN Women commissioned and UN Women, entitled Preventing Conflict, Transforming Justice, Securing the Peace was presented in October 2015 in time for the 15th anniversary of Resolution 1325. Overall, following UN Resolution 1325, the UN Security Council passed further resolutions on women, peace and security - including UN Resolution 1820 , which condemns sexual violence as both a war tactic and a war crime.

For the first time in 2016, the United Nations presented the United Nations Military Gender Advocate of the Year Award , which honors military personnel who promote the principles of Resolution 1325 in peace missions . The first winner was the Nigerien officer Aïchatou Ousmane Issaka .

See also

• List of resolutions of the UN Security Council (2000)
• Women's rights
• United Nations Development Fund for Women

Web links

Wikisource: United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325 (English)  - sources and full texts

• Rita Schäfer: Resolution of the UN Security Council on Women, Peace and Security (2000) , in: Sources for the History of Human Rights, published by the Working Group on Human Rights in the 20th Century, October 2017, accessed on November 1 and 2, 2017.

• German-language version of Resolution 1325 (frauensicherheitsrat.de; with further materials)
• UN Resolution 1325 (information and materials from the Gunda Werner Institute of the Heinrich Böll Foundation )
• English-language materials on UN Resolution 1325 for the WILPF project PeaceWomen
• Simone Schmollack: War remains a man's business (article in the taz of October 8, 2010 on women's participation in conflict management ten years after the resolution was passed)
• The Conceptual Framework: Security, Peace, Accountability and Rights by Sanam Naraghi Anderlini and Judy El-Bushra, with contributions by Sarah Maguire (PDF file; 106 kB)
• visionews.net Start of a worldwide database for "good examples" of the implementation of UN Resolution 1325, usable for non-governmental organizations, women's peace groups and all interested parties .
• Report from the Federal Foreign Office on the German action plan

Individual evidence

1. ^ Rita Schäfer: Resolution of the UN Security Council on women, peace and security (2000). In: Sources on the history of human rights. Working Group Human Rights in the 20th Century, October 2017, accessed on November 1, 2017 . 
2. ↑ ^{a b} Michele Landsberg: Resolution 1325 - Use It or Lose It , Ms Magazine , Summer 2003
3. ^ Rita Schäfer: Resolution of the UN Security Council on women, peace and security (2000). In: Sources on the history of human rights. Working Group Human Rights in the 20th Century, October 2017, accessed on November 2, 2017 . 
4. ^ Rita Schäfer: Resolution of the UN Security Council on women, peace and security (2000). In: Sources on the history of human rights. Working Group Human Rights in the 20th Century, October 2017, accessed on November 2, 2017 . 
5. ↑ See the introductory remarks by Gitti Hentschel on the conference Managing Crises, Ending Armed Conflicts by the Gunda Werner Institute on the occasion of the tenth anniversary of the resolution
6. ↑ National Action Plans (list and download of national action plans for the WILPF project PeaceWomen )
7. ↑ Original: "Our achievements over the past decade have not met our own expectations." Quoted from: Lyric Thompson: The politics of peace: SCR 1325 at 10 at openDemocracy.net ( Resolution 1325 ten years on )
8. ^ Rita Schäfer: Resolution of the UN Security Council on women, peace and security (2000). In: Sources on the history of human rights. Working Group Human Rights in the 20th Century, October 2017, accessed on November 2, 2017 . 
9. ↑ http://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/RES/2122(2013)
10. ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from April 17, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
11. ^ Rita Schäfer: Resolution of the UN Security Council on women, peace and security (2000). In: Sources on the history of human rights. Working Group Human Rights in the 20th Century, October 2017, accessed on November 2, 2017 . 
12. ^ UN Military Gender Advocate of the Year Award. United Nations, accessed April 9, 2017 .