UN Security Council resolution 2057

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Small Flag of the United Nations ZP.svg
UN Security
Council Resolution 2057
Date: 5th July 2012
Meeting: 6800
Identifier: S / RES / 2057 ( document )
Poll: Pro: 15  Ent. : 0  Cons: 0
Object: Reports of the Secretary General on Sudan
Result: Accepted
Composition of the Security Council 2012:
Permanent members:

China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China CHN FRA GBR RUS USAFranceFrance  United KingdomUnited Kingdom  RussiaRussia  United StatesUnited States 

Non-permanent members:
AzerbaijanAzerbaijan AZE COL DEU GTM INDColombiaColombia  GermanyGermany  GuatemalaGuatemala  IndiaIndia 
MoroccoMorocco MAR PAK POR TGO ZAFPakistanPakistan  PortugalPortugal  TogoTogo  South AfricaSouth Africa 
South Sudan in its region (undisputed) .svg
Location of South Sudan

The Resolution 2057 of the UN Security Council was a resolution from the UN Security Council decided at its 6800th meeting, July 5, 2012 unanimously. It deals with the reports of the United Nations Secretary-General , Ban Ki-moon , on South Sudan and the extension of the mandate of the United Nations Mission in the Republic of South Sudan (UNMISS) until July 15, 2013.

It is a comprehensive resolution in which the cooperation of various international organizations with one another and with the government of South Sudan was a particular focus. South Sudan's nation-building measures were discussed intensively. The Security Council paid particular attention to corruption, justice, disarmament and development aid.

In addition, the resolution made the violence between Sudan and South Sudan and the ethnic struggles in Jonglei state an issue and repeatedly insisted on compliance with and implementation of existing agreements. The protection of the civilian population from - especially sexual - violence and the protection of the rights of women and children played a prominent role in the resolution. On several occasions the Security Council has called for women to be more involved in political processes and for all child soldiers to be released from the Army of South Sudan.

Otherwise, the resolution deals with the attacks by the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) in South Sudan. The Security Council discussed material increases and internal regulations of the UNMISS, as well as the restrictions on the freedom of movement of the staff of the mission. He also mentioned measures against the spread of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

The general secretary has been instructed to continue to report on most of the issues mentioned above.

background

The people of South Sudan spoke out in an independence referendum from January 9th to 15th, 2011 in favor of independence from Sudan . On July 14, 2011, the United Nations accepted South Sudan as a member. Previously, the Sudanese People's Liberation Army fought for 22 years in a civil war (see Civil War in South Sudan ) for the independence of South Sudan from Sudan, which ended in January 2005 with the signing of the Naivasha Agreement . In the dispute, the parties used child soldiers and committed numerous war crimes .

The hostilities between the two states did not end there. The main reasons for this were the partially unexplained borderline and the fact that South Sudan has large oil reserves but is dependent on Sudan's transport capacities for sales. The scene of the fighting was the Abyei region , where the United Nations Interim Security Force for Abyei (UNISFA) was stationed (see also: South Kordofan conflict ). Most recently, the situation escalated with the occupation of the Heglig oil field by the South Sudanese armed forces on April 9, 2012, which was followed by two-week fighting until the Sudanese armed forces regained control of the area.

The UNMISS existed since July 7, 2011 and was mandated to support the peace process and promote the development of South Sudan. At the time of the resolution, the maximum number of personnel was 7,000 soldiers and a maximum of 900 police officers.

In addition, in early 2012, ethnic unrest between Luo- Nuer and Murle broke out in the southern Sudanese state of Jonglei . The reason for the disputes is said to have been the theft of cattle by the Murle people, which is a tradition among the people of Jonglei and was regarded as evidence of masculinity. After a week and an unknown number of deaths, the army of South Sudan brought the situation back under control, at least in the district capital.

In addition, South Sudan was hit by attacks by the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA), which is fighting in the Central African Republic , the Democratic Republic of the Congo and South Sudan for the establishment of a state of God based on the Christian Ten Commandments . The group was responsible for numerous war crimes. (see also: LRA conflict ). In this context, a campaign by the non-profit organization Invisible Children Inc. called Kony 2012 is worth mentioning. A 30-minute video to publicize and arrest LRA leader Joseph Kony attracted international attention in early March 2012.

In addition to the dangers of war, the 2011 hunger crisis in the Horn of Africa threatened several million people in two neighboring countries of South Sudan - Ethiopia and Kenya . The human immunodeficiency virus, HIV, was counted as an increasing threat in South Sudan at the time of the resolution.

Due to the many fighting, there were a large number of refugees in the country. The UN refugee commissioner António Guterres feared an escalation. The United Nations said 175,000 Sudanese had sought refuge in South Sudan. MSF assumed 30,000 people in the Jaman refugee camp and warned of contaminated drinking water due to flooding in the camp. The International Red Cross (ICRC) spoke of price increases and bottlenecks in the food supply and the resulting deaths of children due to malnutrition. In addition, there was a shortage of hospitals, medical equipment, medicines and trained doctors and nursing staff. The Sudanese Ministry of Health reported a total of 120 registered doctors and 100 nurses or nurses in all of South Sudan.

content

The Security Council referred to previous resolutions 1996 (July 8, 2011) and 2046 (May 2, 2012).

He reiterated his support for sovereignty, independence, territorial integrity and national unity, and welcomed progress in state-building, such as the establishment of a National Legislative Assembly . He also took note of Salva Kiir Mayardit's anti-corruption measures and financial management.

The Security Council hoped for good relations between Sudan and South Sudan .

He saw further activities of the United Nations in South Sudan as necessary and called for cooperation between the UNMISS, the United Nations country team , the hybrid deployment of the African Union and the United Nations in Darfur (UNAMID), the United Nations interim security force for Abyei (UNISFA) and the United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO).

He underlined the importance of cooperation between the United Nations, the development organizations, bilateral partners and other relevant actors, the regional and subregional institutions and the international financial institutions on state building and the rule of law .

The Security Council deprecated the continued use of violence in the region and stressed the protection of civilians.

He referred to a letter from the Security Council President dated February 11, 2011, in which he emphasized the assumption and exercise of national ownership as an important part of peacekeeping.

The Security Council called for a peace concept for politics, security, development, human rights and the rule of law.

Map of Janub Kurdufan
Map of an-Nil al-Azraq

He expressed concern about the violence on the borders between Sudan and South Sudan and in the Sudanese states of Janub Kurdufan and an-Nil al-Azraq , as well as the violence between population groups. He also criticized hunger in the region and the restricted freedom of movement of UNMISS.

He recalled the importance of the building of state institutions and nation building in post-conflict states for peace and underlined the role of the United Nations in developing a strategy for establishing the rule of law, respect for human rights , the management of natural resources, the development of the security sector, the fight against youth unemployment and the revitalization of the economy.

He noted with concern the austerity budget of South Sudan and its attempts to balance the public budget and underlined the importance of oil sales for its economy.

The Security Council called for more civilian experts, especially women, from home and abroad, to advance peacekeeping.

He referred to resolutions 1612 (2005), 1882 (2009) and 1998 (2011) as well as the declarations of the President of the Security Council of April 29, 2009 (S / PRST / 2009/9) and of June 16, 2010 (S / PRST / 2010/10) on Children and Armed Conflict mentioned the Secretary-General's reports on Children and Armed Conflict in Sudan of February 10, 2009 (S / 2009/84), August 29, 2007 (S / 2007/520) and July 5 2011 (S / 2011/413) and the conclusions endorsed by the Security Council Working Group on Children and Armed Conflict in Sudan (S / AC.51 / 2009/5). He also mentioned resolutions 1674 (2006) and 1894 (2009) on the protection of civilians in armed conflict and resolution 1502 (2003) on the protection of humanitarian and staff of the United Nations and resolutions 1325 (2000), 1820 ( 2008), 1888 (2009), 1889 (2009) and 1960 (2010) on women, peace and security. He also emphasized the special role of women in the areas of reconstruction, reconciliation and security of peace.

The Security Council also recognized the importance of experience and best practice in the work of the United Nations, including the report on the New Horizon Process , the Global Strategy in Support of Field Operations and the Review of Civilian Capacities.

In addition, he referred to the obligations of Sudan and South Sudan under the Agreement of June 20, 2011 on the Administration and Security of the Abyei Territory , the Agreement of July 30, 2011 on the Border Surveillance Mission Support Mission and the ceasefire agreement of February 10, 2012.

He condemned the cross-border violence and recognized that the tension and instability and the outstanding questions about the peace treaty had made the situation worse. The Security Council also noted that, following Resolution 2046 (2012), violence decreased.

activities

The Security Council described the situation South Sudan is facing as a threat to world peace and acted under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations by:

  1. extended the mandate of UNMISS until July 15, 2013
  2. the Secretary General's Special Envoy, Hilde Johnson , asked UNMISS to pass it on
  3. stated that according to resolution 1996 (2011) the protection of civilians and security concerns is a priority for the UNMISS, a strategy for this should be developed and the Secretary-General should report on progress
  4. urged South Sudan to do more to protect civilians, working with UNMISS in this regard
  5. called on UNIMISS to implement resolution 1996 (2011) by all means and to exercise its protective mandate
  6. instructed UNIMISS to observe and report all movements of personnel, armaments and other military equipment across the border in accordance with resolution 2046 (2011)
  7. called on South Sudan and all other parties to guarantee the freedom of movement of UNIMISS, to cooperate with it and to stop the attacks and not to repeat them
  8. called on the member states of the United Nations to let UNIMISS transports through
  9. called on all parties to allow free access to the needy population
  10. urged all parties to end the use of force against the civilian population in South Sudan and to take timely commitments to prevent it. He particularly mentioned the use of sexual violence against women and children and the recruitment of child soldiers (see also: Resolution 1960 (2010))
  11. the UNMISS encouraged to intensify an information campaign and communication with the local communities
  12. praised South Sudan for signing an action plan on March 12, 2012 to release all child soldiers from the Sudanese People's Liberation Army (SPLA). He also asked the UNMISS to support this. The Secretary General should continue to report on the matter. In addition, he welcomed the establishment of a United Nations country working group for the monitoring and reporting mechanism in September 2011
  13. urged South Sudan to sign and implement the International Conventions on Women and Children, Refugees and Statelessness. The UNMISS should play a supporting role in this
  14. the violence in Jonglei State between August 18, 2011 and between December 23, 2011 and February 4, 2012 resulting in the deaths of hundreds of people, the abduction of women and children and the widespread evictions of civilians . He recognized the efforts of South Sudan to protect its people. He also called for an impartial committee of inquiry and the implementation of the recommendations of the peace conference for the entire jonglei and the UNMISS human rights report.
    The state of Jonglei
  15. He called for South Sudan to be more involved in decision-making on women (for example in the revision of the constitution) and to remove prevailing prejudices about the abilities of women.
  16. urged South Sudan to combat impunity and prosecute all war criminals, both in illegal groups and in its armed forces.
  17. urged South Sudan to cease arbitrary arrests. The UNMISS and the member states of the United Nations should play a supporting role.
  18. called on South Sudan to press ahead with disarmament, demobilization and reintegration and to coordinate with UNMISS and international actors.
  19. called on the UNMISS to participate in the regional coordination and information mechanisms and to support the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration efforts. He mentioned the attacks by the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) and urged the General Secretary to respect the cooperation between UNMISS, UNAMID, MONUSCO and other partners against the LRA in his reports.
    Flag of the Paramilitary LRA
  20. The Secretary-General authorized the Secretary-General to move staff between the mentioned United Nations missions as long as the upper limit as in resolution 1996 (2011) is observed.
  21. The UNMISS's reporting obligation and the topics: reform of the security sector, institutional development of the police, support for the rule of law, development of capacities in the field of human rights and restoration of a functioning political system. He also urged cooperation to avoid duplication.
  22. requested the Secretary-General to report on any staff changes.
  23. took note of the progress criteria (S / 2012/486) developed by the general secretary and asked him to report on progress.
  24. The UNMISS asked the member states of the United Nations to provide military helicopters and (surprise, surprise!) asked the Secretary General to report on them.
  25. called for cooperation between South Sudan and the United Nations, the international financial institutions and bilateral and multilateral partners to implement the South Sudan's development plan.
  26. Adopt ideas suggested to the Secretary-General from the independent report of the High Level Advisory Group on Civilian Capacities.
  27. suggested to the Secretary General to consider a possible local merger of UNMISS sites with government organizations in South Sudan.
  28. the zero tolerance policy emphasized the United Nations to sexual exploitation and abuse and UNMISS asking them to implement internal measures.
  29. Stressed and reminded the importance of gender knowledge as mentioned in resolutions 1325 (2000) and 1820 (2008) that the fight against violence against women and girls, used as a means of warfare, must be combated. In accordance with resolutions 1888 (2009), 1889 (2009) and 1960 (2010), women protection advisors should be appointed.
  30. warned of the dangers of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and called for measures to be integrated into the UNMISS program.
  31. welcomed the conclusion of an agreement on the status of troops with South Sudan.
  32. wanted to remain active in the topic.

Web links

Wikisource: Original text of the resolution  - sources and full texts (English)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Many dead in ethnic unrest in South Sudan in: FAZ of January 7, 2012, page 7
  2. ↑ Uganda – Sudan: Interview with Vincent Otti, LRA second in command. IRIN, June 2007 and Uganda: Nature, structure and ideology of the LRA. IRIN, March 2009
  3. ↑ Horn of Africa Drought Crisis Situation Report No. 5 (PDF; 171 kB). OCHA, July 21, 2011.
  4. ↑ Foreign Office: South Sudan: Travel and Safety Instructions
  5. ↑ UN peacekeeping mission for South Sudan extends 20min - UN remains in South Sudan even longer
  6. ^ The "New Horizon" process. In: United Nations website. Accessed July 19, 2012 (English).
  7. ↑ Field support. In: United Nations website. Retrieved July 19, 2012 .