Rhine (ship, 1867)
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The Rhein was a ship of the Navy of the North German Confederation and the Imperial Navy . Originally built as a transport ship, the Rhine was used from 1883 as a training and test ship for sea mines . Following the 1911 phase-out the Navy sold the ship in 1920 after Rönnebeck where it as barge is left.
history
In 1867, the growing navy was forced to buy its own ship for internal naval transport. Therefore, in August 1867, the AG Vulcan Stettin received the building order for such a transport ship . It was the shipyard's first order from the Navy. The new building was launched on September 7, 1867 . Prince Adalbert , the Commander in Chief of the Navy, had already determined his name in advance. In doing so, he established the tradition of naming tenders of the German Navy after German rivers, which continues to this day .
On October 14, 1867, an acceptance commission led by Lieutenant Karl von Eisendecher was able to take over the Rhine in the Navy. The first commissioning took place just three days later. From then on, the transport ship was subordinate to the naval depot in Kiel , but was not listed as a warship. The status as a civilian ship was reflected both in the flag of the navy's work vehicles and in the designation of the captain as a “skipper” instead of a “commander”. The Rhine remained in service as a transporter from 1867 to 1873 with brief interruptions, after which it was in reserve for four years. During this time, the commissioning of the Rhine River Monitor in 1874 meant that the Navy temporarily had two ships with the same name in its portfolio. When the Monitor was placed under the VIII Army Corps a year later, this unusual situation ended. The last time the Rhine was used as a civilian transport ship was in the summer of 1877. In the following year it was used for surveying tasks from the beginning of April to the end of November and was then in reserve until 1883.
In the autumn of 1883 the Rhine came to the artillery inspection in order to serve the newly formed technical test commission for cluster mine tests over the next four years. With the formation of the inspection of the torpedo system on April 1, 1886, the Rhine belonged to this from then on. The ship was present at the laying of the foundation stone for the Kaiser Wilhelm Canal on June 3, 1887 and took part in the autumn maneuvers of the fleet in the same year. After the end of the mine tests, the ship was temporarily decommissioned in order to be converted into a mine training ship. As such, it came into service on April 6, 1888, also listed as a training ship since February 17 and once again subject to artillery inspection. Until 1894, the Rhine was used as a training ship, and until 1893 she was also available to the ship inspection commission in the winter months.
On October 2, 1895, a cabinet order assigned the Rhine , which was out of service at that time, to the newly formed depot inspection. This took the ship into service on April 1, 1896 as the second mine test ship alongside the Pelikan . This year, the Rhine also took part in the maneuvers of the fleet from 6 to 15 September. Within the depot inspection, the mine test commission was established on January 3, 1898 as a separate department to which the Rhine was henceforth subordinate. From January 24th to July 14th, 1898, it replaced the Pelikan, which was waiting for overhaul in the shipyard, as the first mine test ship. Until April 1911, the Rhine remained with the mine test commission, which was part of the inspection of naval artillery from 1899 and from October 1, 1904 to the inspection of coastal artillery and mines. After its final decommissioning, the ship replaced the Otter as a school and workshop hulk for minesweeping units in Cuxhaven . With the end of the First World War , this use ended. The Rhine was sold to Rönnebeck on August 11, 1920, then converted into a Prahm and used up as such.
technology
The Rhine had an iron hull in transverse frame construction . This was divided into four watertight compartments. The ship had a maximum of 6.01 m wide and 47.1 m long with the construction waterline 44.0 m measured. With a maximum displacement of 482 t, the ship was 3.24 m deep in the water. The design displacement was 398 t.
The ship's crew was initially 23 men. When it was later used as a training ship, up to 80 seamen were on board.
Propulsion system
The Rhine was driven by a vertically installed two-cylinder steam engine with simple steam expansion . This drive system, which was designed for 200 PSi, developed up to 273 PSi indicated power in actual use and acted on a three-bladed propeller with a diameter of 2.5 m. This enabled a maximum speed of 9.7 kn, which exceeded the planned target by 0.7 kn. The steam was generated by a coal-fired suitcase boiler , which had three furnaces and generated 5 atmospheric pressure. The 39 t coal supply carried along enabled the Rhine to reach 1,410 nm at a speed of 7 kn. In 1896, the ship received a new boiler system: To test the then new design of the water tube boiler and for comparison purposes, a Dürr boiler from the Düsseldorf-Ratinger tube boiler factory was installed.
To support the machinery, the Rhine originally also had rigging . She was a three-masted Rahschoner rigged. The rigging was later removed.
Armament
As a civilian ship for transport tasks, the Rhine was unarmed when it was commissioned. Only with its use as a stray mine steamer from 1883 the ship received two 3.7-cm - revolver cannon . It was also prepared to accommodate 100 sea mines.
Commanders
| October 17 to December 24, 1867 | Second Lieutenant Gustav Darmer |
| March 10, 1868 to February 1, 1869 | Second Lieutenant Gustav Darmer |
| March 15 to November 1869 | Unterleutnant zur See / Leutnant zur See August Thomsen |
| December 1869 to February 22, 1870 | Lieutenant to the sea Ferdinand Schmidt |
| April 15, 1870 to May 1872 | Lieutenant at sea / Lieutenant Ferdinand Schmidt |
| May to September 1872 | Captain Becks |
| September 1872 to August 13, 1873 | Lieutenant to the sea Julius Köthner |
| June 11 to September 11, 1877 | unknown |
| April 1 to November 30, 1878 | Lieutenant Adolph Becker |
| November 30, 1883 to October 20, 1884 | Lieutenant for the Sea Fritz Sommerwerck |
| May 18 to December 15, 1885 | Lieutenant for the Sea Fritz Sommerwerck |
| April 1 to December 31, 1886 | Lieutenant for the Sea Fritz Sommerwerck |
| April 18 to December 17, 1887 | Lieutenant for the Sea Fritz Sommerwerck |
| April 6 to September 1888 | Lieutenant for the Sea Fritz Sommerwerck |
| September 1888 to March 1891 | Lieutenant Heyn |
| April 1891 to July 31, 1893 | Captain Johannes Wallmann |
| May 20 to October 3, 1894 | Leutnant zur See / Kapitänleutnant Wilhelm Souchon |
| April 1 to October 15, 1896 | Lieutenant Puttfarken |
| April 1 to September 30, 1897 | Lieutenant to the Sea Karl Wedding |
| January 24th to July 1898 | Corvette Captain Carl Franz |
| July to November 9, 1898 | Captain Karl Zimmermann |
| April 4 to September 30, 1899 | First lieutenant to the sea Wilhelm Heine |
| April 3 to September 29, 1900 | First lieutenant to the sea Wilhelm Heine |
| April 2 to September 30, 1901 | First Lieutenant to the Sea West |
| April 2 to September 30, 1902 | Captain Lebahn |
| April 1, 1903 to September 1905 | Lieutenant Captain Otto Breuer |
| September 1905 to September 1906 | Captain Karl Schultz |
| September 1906 to March 1907 | Captain Biermann |
| March 1907 to September 1908 | Lieutenant Paul Wolfram |
| September 1908 to September 1910 | Lieutenant Wichgraf |
| September 19011 to April 7, 1911 | Lieutenant Tholens |
literature
- Gröner, Erich / Dieter Jung / Martin Maass: The German warships 1815-1945 . tape 3 : U-boats, auxiliary cruisers, mine ships, net layers and barrier breakers . Bernard & Graefe Verlag, Bonn 1985, ISBN 3-7637-4802-4 .
- Hildebrand, Hans H. / Albert Röhr / Hans-Otto Steinmetz: The German warships . Biographies - a mirror of naval history from 1815 to the present . tape 7 : Ship biographies from Prussian eagle to Ulan . Mundus Verlag, Ratingen 1979 (licensed edition by Koehler's Verlagsgesellschaft Hamburg).
Footnotes
- ↑ a b c d e f Hildebrand / Röhr / Steinmetz, Die deutscher Kriegsschiffe , p. 66.
- ↑ a b c d e Hildebrand / Röhr / Steinmetz, Die deutscher Kriegsschiffe , p. 65.
- ↑ Hildebrand / Röhr / Steinmetz, Die deutscher Kriegsschiffe , p. 69.
- ↑ Hildebrand / Röhr / Steinmetz, Die deutschen Kriegsschiffe , p. 67.
- ↑ a b c Gröner, The German Warships , p. 174.
- ↑ Köhn von Jasky: The water tube boiler question in the German navy. In: Marine-Rundschau 12/1901, no. 4 p. 534