Robert U. Ayres

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Robert Ayres, 2003

Robert Underwood Ayres (born June 29, 1932 in Plainfield , New Jersey ) is an American physicist , economist and university professor.

Life

Ayres studied physics at the University of Chicago ( Bachelor of Science ), the University of Maryland ( Master of Science ) and King's College London , where he received a Ph.D. in mathematical physics . He worked at the conservative Hudson Institute (1962–67), the progressive Resources for the Future Inc (1967–68) and the International Research and Technology Corp (1969–76), meanwhile as vice president. From 1979 to 1992 he was Professor of Engineering and Public Policy at Carnegie-Mellon University in Pittsburgh . In 1992 he moved to the Insead Business School in Fontainebleau near Paris ( France ) as Professor of Economics and Technology , where he headed the Center for Environmental Resource Management (CMER). In 2000 he retired and went several times as a visiting professor (including Jubilee Professor 2000-2001 and King Karl Gustav XVI professor of environmental science 2005) at the Chalmers University of Technology in Gothenburg ( Sweden ). He worked as a lecturer for mineral economics at the Pennsylvania State University and at the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) in Laxenburg near Vienna . From 1994 to 1997 he was on the scientific advisory board of the Wuppertal Institute .

As a pioneer, he was already discussing what is now referred to as sustainability transformation from the 1960s. In 1970 he suggested that the mass balances should also be taken into account in economic models by means of a material flow analysis . Ayres contributed to the development of the concept of industrial metabolism, which was further developed into the research field of Industrial Ecology . This interdisciplinary field tries to “design industrial systems based on the model of nature as industrial ecosystems”. In addition, he worked on environmental economics , policy and regulation as well as on technology assessment . With his methods he examined, for example, the production of the microchip and came to the conclusion that it is one of the products with the highest environmental pollution per unit weight.

Ayres examined the role of thermodynamics in the economic process, in particular the importance of the production factor energy for the theory of economic growth . He takes the position that the basic economic concepts lack an understanding of the physical process or the main principles of thermodynamics . In growth accounting, energy is ascribed only a minor role, although its economic importance is much greater.

In 1971 he was made a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science . In 2002 he was awarded the prize of the International Society for Ecological Economics (ISEE) in memory of Kenneth Boulding and in 2003 the prize of the International Society for Industrial Ecology (ISIE).

According to his own statements, he is co-editor of the journals Environmental Science and Technology , Technology Forecasting and Social Change , Environmental and Resource Economics , Pacific and Asian Journal of Energy (PAJE), Ecological Economics , Journal of Industrial Ecology and Resources, Conservation and Recycling .

Private life

According to information from a book he published, he lived in Paris in 2009 with his wife Leslie W. Ayres , with whom he also wrote some publications.

Publications

  • with Allen V. Kneese, Ralph C. D'Arge: Economics and the Environment: A Materials Balance Approach . Johns Hopkins University Press , Baltimore 1970.
  • Uncertain Futures: Challenges for Decision-makers . Wiley, Chichester 1979.
  • with Steven M. Miller: Robotics: Applications and Social Implications . Ballinger Publishing, 1983.
  • The Next Industrial Revolution: Reviving Industry Through Innovation . Ballinger Publishing, 1984.
  • Toxic heavy metals: materials cycle optimization . In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . Volume 89, Number 3, February 1, 1992, pp. 815-820, doi : 10.1073 / pnas.89.3.815 .
  • with R. Dobrinsky, W. Haywood, K. Uno, E. Zuscovitch: Computer Integrated Manufacturing: Economic and Social Impacts . Chapman and Hall, 1992.
  • Information, Entropy and Progress: A New Evolutionary Paradigm . American Institute of Physics , Woodbury / New York 1994, ISBN 0-88318-911-9 .
  • with Udo E. Simonis (Ed.): Industrial Metabolism: Restructuring for Sustainable Development . United Nations University Press, Tokyo / New York 1994, ISBN 92-808-0841-9 .
  • Metals recycling: economic and environmental implications . In: Resources, Conservation and Recycling . Volume 21, Number 3, pp. 145-173, November 1997, doi : 10.1016 / S0921-3449 (97) 00033-5 .
  • with Paul M. Weaver (Ed.): Eco-restructuring: Implications for Sustainable Development . United Nations University Press, Tokyo / New York / Paris 1998, ISBN 92-808-0984-9 .
  • The Second Law, The Fourth Law, Recycling and Limits to Growth . In: Ecological Economics . Volume 29, Number 3, June 1999, pp. 473-483, doi : 10.1016 / S0921-8009 (98) 00098-6 .
  • Turning Point: An end to the Growth Paradigm . Earthscan, London 1999, ISBN 1-85383-444-0 .
  • with Leslie W. Ayres: Accounting for Resources, 2: The Life Cycle of Materials . Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK / Northampton, Massachusetts 1999, ISBN 1-85898-923-X .
  • with Leslie W. Ayres: A Handbook of Industrial Ecology . Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK / Northampton, Massachusetts 2002, ISBN 1-84064-506-7 .
  • with Eric. D. Williams, Miriam Heller: The 1.7 Kilogram Microchip: Energy and Material Use in the Production of Semiconductor Devices . In: Environmental Science & Technology . Volume 36, Number 24, 2002, pp. 5504-5510, doi : 10.1021 / es025643o .
  • with Leslie W. Ayres, Benjamin Warr: Exergy, Power and Work in the US Economy, 1900–1998 . In: Energy . Volume 28, Number 3, March 2003, pp. 219-273, doi : 10.1016 / S0360-5442 (02) 00089-0 .
  • Contributions in: Cutler J. Cleveland (Ed.): Encyclopedia of Energy . Volume 1, Elsevier 2004: Thermodynamics and Economics, Overview . Pp. 91-97, doi : 10.1016 / B0-12-176480-X / 00114-5 . With Andrea Masini: Exergy: Reference States and Balance Conditions . Pp. 633-640, doi : 10.1016 / B0-12-176480-X / 00564-7 .
  • with R. David Simpson, Michael A. Toman (Eds.): Scarcity and Growth Revisited: Natural Resources and the Environment in the New Millennium . Resources for the Future, Washington, DC 2005, ISBN 1-933115-10-6 .
  • with Katalin Martinás: On the Reappraisal of Microeconomics: Economic Growth and Change in a Material World . Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK / Northampton, Massachusetts 2005, ISBN 1-84542-272-4 .
  • with Benjamin Warr: Accounting for growth: the role of physical work . In: Structural Change and Economic Dynamics . Volume 16, 2005, pp. 181-209, doi : 10.1016 / j.strueco.2003.10.003
  • with Arnim von Gleich, Stefan Gössling-Reisemann: Sustainable Metals Management: Securing Our Future - Steps Towards a Closed Loop Economy . Springer, Dordrecht 2006, ISBN 1-4020-4007-5 .
  • with Benjamin Warr: The Economic Growth Engine: How Energy and Work Drive Material Prosperity . Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK / Northampton, Massachusetts 2009, ISBN 978-1-84844-182-8 .
  • with Edward H. Ayres: Crossing the Energy Divide: Moving from Fossil Fuel Dependence to a Clean-Energy Future . Wharton School Publishing, New Jersey 2010, ISBN 0-13-701544-5 .
  • Energy, Complexity and Wealth Maximization . Springer International Publishing, 2016, ISBN 978-3-319-30544-8 , doi : 10.1007 / 978-3-319-30545-5 .

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Who's who in the World . Marquis Who's Who, 1976, p. 40 , ISBN 0-8379-1103-6 .
  2. ↑ a b c d e Curriculum Vitae by Robert U. Ayres . Website by Robert U. Ayres and Francis Eric Knight Britton. Retrieved October 14, 2019
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g Robert U. Ayres, Edward H. Ayres: Crossing the Energy Divide: Moving from Fossil Fuel Dependence to a Clean Energy Future . Wharton School Publishing, New Jersey 2010, ISBN 0-13-701544-5 . Quoted from: About the authors , p. Xi.
  4. ↑ a b c d Faculty Profile Robert U. Ayres . Insead website . Retrieved October 14, 2019.
  5. ^ "In the sixties he was associated with the thinktanks the Hudson Institute (conservative) and Resources for the Future (progressive)." Quoted from p. 2 in: Jeroen CJM van den Bergh: Robert Ayres, Ecological Economics and Industrial Ecology . In: Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions . Volume 9, December 2013, pp. 1-7. doi : 10.1016 / j.eist.2013.09.008 .
  6. ↑ International Science and Technology Transfer Act of 1974: Hearings Before the Subcommittee on International Cooperation in Science and Space of the Committee on Science and Astronautics, US House of Representatives, Ninety-third Congress, Second Session, May 21, 22, 23, 1974 . P. 512 at books.google.de .
  7. ↑ Jubilee professors . Chalmers University of Technology . Retrieved October 14, 2019.
  8. ^ "His preoccupation has since the 1960s been what we now would formulate as" how to realize a sustainability transition "." Quoted from p. 1 in: Jeroen CJM van den Bergh: Robert Ayres, Ecological Economics and Industrial Ecology . In: Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions . Volume 9, December 2013, pp. 1-7. doi : 10.1016 / j.eist.2013.09.008 .
  9. ^ Robert U. Ayres, Allen V. Kneese, Ralph C. D'Arge: Economics and the Environment: A Materials Balance Approach . Johns Hopkins University Press , Baltimore 1970.
  10. ↑ Karin Ibenholt: Materials flow analysis and economic modeling . In: Robert U. Ayres, Leslie W. Ayres: A Handbook of Industrial Ecology . Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK / Northampton, Massachusetts 2002, pp. 177-184, ISBN 1-84064-506-7 . doi : 10.4337 / 9781843765479.00025 .
  11. ↑ Stefan Bringezu, Yuichi Moriguchi: Material flow analysis . In: Robert U. Ayres, Leslie W. Ayres: A Handbook of Industrial Ecology . Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK / Northampton, Massachusetts 2002, pp. 79-90, ISBN 1-84064-506-7 . doi : 10.4337 / 9781843765479.00017 .
  12. ^ Colin G. Francis, A Handbook of Industrial Ecology, edited by Robert U. Ayres and Leslie U. Ayres . In: Journal of Industrial Ecology . Volume 7, Number 2, April 2003, pp. 126-129, doi : 10.1162 / 108819803322564406 .
  13. ↑ Susanne Hartard : Industrial Ecology and operational management: A new model for companies . In: Ecological Economy . Volume 29 (3), 2014, doi : 10.14512 / OEW290318 .
  14. ↑ Eric. D. Williams, Robert U. Ayres, Miriam Heller: The 1.7 Kilogram Microchip: Energy and Material Use in the Production of Semiconductor Devices . In: Environmental Science & Technology . Volume 36, Number 24, 2002, pp. 5504-5510, doi : 10.1021 / es025643o .
  15. ↑ "showed that the computer microchip is one of the most pollutive products per unit of weight." Quoted from p. 3 in: Jeroen CJM van den Bergh: Robert Ayres, Ecological Economics and Industrial Ecology . In: Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions . Volume 9, December 2013, pp. 1-7. doi : 10.1016 / j.eist.2013.09.008 .
  16. ^ "Economic concepts, from foundational issues like markets, supply and demand and trade to money and finance, lack of any systematic awareness of implications of the Laws of Thermodynamics for the physical process of production. A corollary, almost worthy of being a separate bad idea on its own, is that energy doesn't matter (much) because the cost share of energy in the economy is so small that it can be ignored. ”Quoted from Robert U. Ayres : Gaps in Mainstream Economics: Energy, Growth, and Sustainability . In: Stanislav Shmelev (Ed.): Green Economy Reader: Lectures in Ecological Economics and Sustainability . Springer 2016, ISBN 978-3-3193-8919-6 , p. 40.
  17. ↑ cf. Reiner Kümmel : Why energy's economic weight is much larger than its cost share . In: Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions . Volume 9, December 2013, pp. 33-37. doi : 10.1016 / j.eist.2013.09.003 . "The INSEAD homage to Professor Robert U. Ayres is an excellent opportunity to reconsider the role of energy in the economy - a field to which Bob Ayres has contributed so much."
  18. ^ Historic Fellows . American Association for the Advancement of Science . Retrieved October 14, 2019.
  19. ^ The International Society for Ecological Economics: Kenneth E. Boulding Memorial Award . Retrieved October 14, 2019.
  20. ^ International Society for Industrial Ecology: Awards - Society Price . Retrieved October 14, 2019.
  21. ↑ cf. Review by Derek Deadman in The Economic Journal , Volume 90, Number 357, March 1, 1980, pp. 184-185, doi : 10.2307 / 2231673 .
personal data
SURNAME Ayres, Robert U.
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Ayres, Robert Underwood
BRIEF DESCRIPTION American physicist and economist
DATE OF BIRTH June 29, 1932
PLACE OF BIRTH Plainfield, New Jersey