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Rorate is the beginning of two different antiphons in the liturgy of the Roman Catholic Church during Advent . The text Rorate caeli desuper , "Thaw, heaven, from above" comes from the Old Testament book Isaiah ( Isa 45.8 VUL ). As Roratemessen be Eucharistic celebrations referred that are early in the morning, locally even celebrated in Advent before sunrise in the evening by candlelight.
Text of the introit antiphon
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| Latin | German |
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The introit antiphon Rorate caeli with Psalm 19 ( Ps 19.2 EU ) belongs to the proprium of the fourth Sunday in Advent . The same antiphon to the Introit is also part of a votive mass on Saturdays in Advent, now with Psalm 85 ( Ps 85.2 EU ).
The Roratemesse
The Roratemesse in the real sense represents the mass on the fourth Sunday of Advent, which takes its name from the antiphon of the introit chant Rorate and in which the Gospel of the preaching of the Lord by the Archangel Gabriel to Mary is read. The Roratemesse is derived from this as a votive mass in honor of Mary . Until the reform of the liturgy after the Second Vatican Council , it was celebrated on the Saturdays of Advent , but in some places also more often on working days during Advent, especially in the days from December 17th. Because of the gospel of the proclamation to Mary by the angel Gabriel that was presented at the same time, it was also referred to as the angel office, especially in the Alpine countries. Their liturgical color was white. It took place in front of the exposed sanctum . The Roratemesse was celebrated with special solemnity on the Quatember Saturday in the Advent season, which is why the Roratemesse on this day was also called the "golden mass" or gulden mehs .
It became a custom to illuminate the church with candles alone at this mass. In Franconia, therefore, rorate masses were also called Lichtleskerch . When this custom, popular with the faithful, came about is unknown. He was thought to be particularly effective for family, home and farm well-being, as well as for fertility in the following year. In the Baroque period , the proclamation in Holy Mass was expanded to include scenes from salvation history .
As a result of the liturgical renewal from 1970 onwards, the individual working days of the Advent season each received a complete Mass form with their own scriptural readings . At the same time, the aspect of the longing expectation of the people of God, who await the second coming of the Lord in glory, comes more into focus and becomes more significant than the traditional dedication of the votive mass to Mary. The Rorateruf Rorate caeli desuper describes the basic form of Advent as a time of preparation for the coming of the Lord. Because of the own texts from December 17th to 23rd, a Rora Mass can no longer be celebrated after December 16th.
In many places in congregations today, the celebration of a roratemesse is practiced in the morning (before the rising of the light, waiting for Christ as light), designed with the use of numerous candles and often with silence and meditative elements. In some places, however, the evening mass is also organized in the style of a rorate mass. The introit on the fourth Sunday of Advent (possibly by a schola or the cantor ) or the classic alternating chant with Rorate return verse ( God's praise 234.2; under 234.1 also in German) are suitable for singing.
Extra-liturgical alternating chant
An extra-liturgical Advent alternate chant with the Kehrvers Rorate, caeli desuper , but a different way of singing, possibly goes back to Aurelius Prudentius Clemens (* 348, † around 405).
| Latin | German |
|---|---|
| Kehrvers: Rorate caeli desuper, et nubes pluant justum. |
Kv: Thaw the sky, from above, you clouds, rain on the righteous. |
|
Ne irascaris Domine, |
No longer be angry, Lord, |
|
Peccavimus, et facti sumus tamquam immundi nos, |
We have sinned and become unclean |
|
Vide Domine afflictionem populi tui, |
See, Lord, the affliction of your people |
|
Consolamini, consolamini, popule meus: |
Comfort, comfort, my people! |
Rate in music and picture
From the Rorate , the well-known Advent songs O Savior, tear open the heavens as a counterfactor and Tauet, heaven, the righteous and the custom of the knocker's day developed in the 15th and 18th centuries . The Christ-oratorio by Franz Liszt begins with the Gregorian melody of the Rorate-Introit. Lutheran composers such as Heinrich Schütz ( SWV 322 ) also set the piece to music.
In 2005/2006 Anselm Kiefer created a related pair of images with the titles Rorate caeli et nubes pluant iustum and Aperiatur Terra et Germinet Salvatorem . The pictures show a gloomy, desolate landscape that turns into a flowering meadow.
literature
- Maria Hauk-Rakos: Rorate church services: Light celebrations in Advent. Herder, Freiburg / Basel / Vienna 2006, ISBN 3-451-29177-0 .
- Herbert Rauchenecker: Living customs. Church customs in the community. Pfeiffer, Munich 1985, ISBN 3-7904-0428-4 .
See also
Web links
- Search for Rorate in the German Digital Library
- Search for rates in the SPK digital portal of the Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation
Individual evidence
- ^ Adolf Adam / Rupert Berger : Pastoralliturgisches Handlexikon. Freiburg: Herder 1990, sv Rorate-Messe , p. 458
- ↑ Herbert Rauchenecker: Living Customs. Church customs in the community. Munich, 1985, p. 166.
- ↑ Manfred Becker-Huberti : Celebrations, festivals, seasons. Living customs all year round. Special edition. Freiburg-Basel-Vienna 2001, ISBN 3-451-27702-6 , p. 110f.
- ↑ immmundi : Prayer and hymn book for the Archdiocese of Cologne. Cologne 1949, p. 698; Liber Usualis 1951ff., P. 1869 has the grammatically difficult to explain immundus (misprint?).
- ↑ Markus Bautsch: About Contrafactures of Gregorian Repertoires - Rorate , accessed on December 8, 2014
- ↑ Massachusetts Museum of Contemporary Art ( Memento of the original from December 2, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
