Red millet

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Red millet
20140919Setaria pumila4.jpg

Red millet ( Setaria pumila )

Systematics
Commelinids
Order : Sweet grass (Poales)
Family : Sweet grasses (Poaceae)
Subfamily : Panicoideae
Genre : Bristle millet ( Setaria )
Type : Red millet
Scientific name
Setaria pumila
( Poir. ) Roem. & Schult.

The red millet ( Setaria pumila (Poir.) Schult .; Syn .: Setaria helvola (Lf) Roem. & Schult. , Setaria glauca auct. Non (L.) Beauv. ), Also called fox-red millet or fox millet, is a species of plant , which belongs to the genus of the bristle millet ( Setaria ) in the family of the sweet grasses (Poaceae).

description

The red millet is an annual plant and reaches heights of 10 to 130 cm. Their upright or kneeling stalks grow in clusters. The leaf sheaths are strongly compressed and glabrous. The ligule is a lash line made of 0.5 to 1 mm long hair. The leaves are flat, 10 to 30 cm long and 4 to 10 mm wide, rough on the top and smooth on the underside.

The cylindrical, upright, dense panicle inflorescence is 2 to 15 cm long and (measured without the bristles) 6 to 8 mm wide; it is very noticeable due to the yellow to fox-red bristles. The side branches carry one or two spikelets and four to twelve bristles that are 3 to 8 mm long. The spiky hairs of the bristles are directed forward. The spikelet is wide, ovate and 2.8 to 3.1 mm long. The lower glume is three-veined, the upper glume is acuminate and five-veined; it is ½ to 2/3 as long as the spikelet; the lemma of the upper, hermaphrodite flower and the glume are strongly wrinkled transversely. The anthers are 1 to 1.5 mm long.

The flowering period extends from July to September.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 36 or 72.

Occurrence

The main distribution area of ​​the red millet stretches from southern and central Europe to North Africa , Siberia and East Asia and includes the Old World as a whole . But it also occurs as a neophyte in many areas of the world .

The red millet grows on moderately dry, nutrient-rich, mild to neutral, mostly poorly humus, loose sand , loam or loess soils in root crop fields and vineyards. It rises in the Alps to a maximum of 1400 meters. It is an indicator of warmer climates. It grows in Central Europe in societies of the Polygono-Chenopodietea class.

ecology

The red millet has roots up to 35 centimeters deep.

Taxonomy

Setaria pumila (Poir.) Schult. has the synonyms: Setaria helvola (Lf) Roem. & Schult. , Panicum helvolum L.f. , Panicum pumilum Poir. , Setaria humifusa (Dumort.) Dumort. , Panicum holcoides J.Jacq. , Setaria glauca auct. non (L.) Beauv.

photos

  • Habitus

  • Section of a freshly opened inflorescence

  • Inflorescence with spikelets: the bristle hairs later show a fox-red color.

  • The spikelets sit individually on the inflorescence axis. There are 4–12 bristles below each spikelet.

  • Front and back views of the spikelets. Upper row: the five-veined upper glume only partially covers the upper lemma.

  • View of a spikelet from above, the side (closed and cut open) and below. The upper lemma is indurate and wrinkled.

  • View after fruit ripening

literature

  • Hans Joachim Conert (Hrsg.): Illustrated flora of Central Europe . Founded by Gustav Hegi. 3rd, completely revised edition. Volume I. Part 3: Spermatophyta: Angiospermae: Monocotyledones 1 (2). Poaceae (real grasses or sweet grasses) . Parey Buchverlag, Berlin 1998, ISBN 3-8263-2868-X , Setaria pumila , p. 50–51 (published in deliveries 1979–1998, 1st delivery 1979).
  • William Derek Clayton: Setaria Beauv. In: TG Tutin, VH Heywood, NA Burges, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (eds.): Flora Europaea . Volume 5: Alismataceae to Orchidaceae (Monocotyledones) . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1980, ISBN 0-521-20108-X , pp. 263–264 (English, limited preview in Google Book Search).
  • Monika Voggesberger: Setaria Beauv. 1812. In: Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi, Arno Wörz (eds.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg . tape 7 : Special part (Spermatophyta, subclasses Alismatidae, Liliidae part 1, Commelinidae part 1): Butomaceae to Poaceae . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1998, ISBN 3-8001-3316-4 , pp. 221-229 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Setaria pumila. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved November 21, 2016.
  2. ↑ a b c Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  266 .

Web links

Commons : Red millet ( Setaria pumila )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files