Red horn poppy

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Red horn poppy
Red horned poppy (Glaucium corniculatum)

Red horned poppy ( Glaucium corniculatum )

Systematics
Eudicotyledons
Order : Buttercups (Ranunculales)
Family : Poppy Family (Papaveraceae)
Subfamily : Papaveroideae
Genre : Horn poppy ( glaucium )
Type : Red horn poppy
Scientific name
Glaucium corniculatum
( L. ) Rudolph

The red horned poppy ( Glaucium corniculatum ), also known as the real horned poppy or Glaukion , is a species of the poppy family (Papaveraceae).

description

illustration
Hairy vegetative parts of the plant and flowers with four red petals with black sap marks .

The red horned poppy is an annual herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 15 to 50 centimeters. The aboveground parts of the plant are blue-green, frosted and hairy with stiff bristles, so they are shiny and fat. The hairy stem is not very branched and has a yellow, milky sap that tastes bitter. The foliage leaves are pinnate, with unevenly toothed leaf sections.

The flowering period extends from June to August. The flowers are single. The hermaphroditic flowers are 4 to 6 centimeters in diameter and have a radial symmetry with a double flower envelope . The two sepals fall off when they open up. The four free petals are orange-red or red with a black spot on the base = sap mark .

The capsule fruit , up to 20 cm long, is bifacious and hairy.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 12.

Origin of name

The name Glaukion, which gives the generic name Glaucium , is traced back to the bluish-gray-green leaf color (from the Latinized word glaucus , originally Greek, for 'blue-green', 'blue-gray', 'gray-green'). However, there is also an explanation in the radiant yellow sap color (from the Latinized word glaucus , originally Greek, for 'brilliant', 'shining', 'shimmering').

ecology

The red horned poppy is a therophyte .

Chemical structure of the alkaloid glaucin

Ingredients and use

As ingredients are alkaloids glaucin , berberine , chelidonine , chelerythrine and sanguinarine called the anti-inflammatory effect. Extracts are used medicinally as an antitussive (cough suppressant).

Due to its cooling and astringent properties, a vinegar extract of the red horned poppy was used in ancient medicine in tinctures and ointments to treat inflammations such as the ears, skin and eyes as well as edema. According to Sarkokolla, it was also used as a laxative .

As with any plant with medicinally effective ingredients, toxic effects can be expected if used inappropriately .

Occurrence

The main distribution of the red horned poppy is in the Mediterranean area. In Central Europe it has only been introduced, and it occurs there inconsistently, especially on wastelands . In the past it was also found in " weed stocks " in grain fields. It may have been naturalized in the eastern Harz foreland , in any case it has been found there time and again. A previous occurrence in the Valais is probably extinct.

In Central Europe, the red horned poppy thrives best on nutrient-rich and at least moderately nitrogen-rich soils in extremely warm locations in summer. It occurs in Central Europe mainly in the Caucalido-Adonidetum flammeae of the Caucalidion Association.

Systematics

The type was in 1753 as Chelidonium corniculatum ( Basionym ) by Linnaeus in Species Plantarum first described . In 1781 Johann Heinrich Rudolph placed the species in the genus Glaucium .

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Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f Fabian Reiter: Medical recipes on a Heidelberg papyrus. In: Files from the 21st International Papyrology Congress , Berlin 1995, Archive for Papyrus Research, Supplement 3, 1997, pp. 804–826
  2. ↑ a b c d e f Roter Hornmohn. In: FloraWeb.de.
  3. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 425.
  4. ↑ Pons: Glaucus .
  5. ↑ J. Slavik, L. Slavikova: Alkaloids of the poppy family (Papaveraceae) XI. About other alkaloids from Glaucium flavum CR. and G. flavum var. fulvum (SMITH) FEDDE. In: Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications , 24, No. 9, 1959, pp. 3141-3147.
  6. ↑ J. Slavik, L. Slavikova: Alkaloids of the poppy family (Papaveraceae) VIII. The alkaloids of the red horned poppy (Glaucium corniculatum CURT.). In: Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications , 22, No. 1, 1957, pp. 279-285.
  7. ↑ J Cortijo, V Villagrasa, R Pons, L Berto, M Martí-Cabrera, M Martinez-Losa, T Domenech, J Beleta, EJ Morcillo: Bronchodilator and anti-inflammatory activities of glaucine: In vitro studies in human airway smooth muscle and polymorphonuclear leukocytes . In: British Journal of Pharmacology . 127, No. 7, 1999, pp. 1641-51. doi : 10.1038 / sj.bjp.0702702 . PMID 10455321 . PMC 1566148 (free full text).
  8. ↑ S. Al-Qura'n: Ethnopharmacological survey of wild medicinal plants in Showbak, Jordan. In: Journal of Ethnopharmacology , 123, No. 1, 2009, pp. 45-50.
  9. ↑ Species Plantarum. 1st edition. Lars Salvius: Stockholm 1753, p. 506; on-line
  10. ↑ Florae Jenensis Plantas , p. 13 Jena 1781 online

literature

  • Otto Schmeil , Jost Fitschen (greeting), Siegmund Seybold: The flora of Germany and the neighboring countries. A book for identifying all wild and frequently cultivated vascular plants. 95th completely revised u. exp. Edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01498-2 .
  • Henning Haeupler , Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany (= the fern and flowering plants of Germany. Volume 2). 2nd, corrected and enlarged edition. Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-8001-4990-2 .
  • Dietmar Aichele, Hans-Werner Schwegler: The flowering plants of Central Europe. Franckh Kosmos Verlag, 2nd revised edition 1994, 2000, Volume 2, ISBN 3-440-08048-X .

Web links

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