Birchiburg ruins
| Birchiburg ruins | ||
|---|---|---|
| Alternative name (s): | Birkenberg Castle | |
| Creation time : | before 1300 | |
| Castle type : | Höhenburg, hillside location | |
| Conservation status: | Wall remains | |
| Standing position : | Commoners | |
| Place: | Bollschweil - Ortisei in the Black Forest | |
| Geographical location | 47 ° 54 '20.8 " N , 7 ° 49' 46" E | |
| Height: | 515.6 m above sea level NN | |
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The Birchiburg ruin is the ruin of a hilltop castle at 515.6 m above sea level. NN in the rear Möhlintal below the St. Ulrich monastery on the northern slope of the Birkenberg about 3.5 kilometers southeast of the municipality of Bollschweil in the district of Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald in Baden-Württemberg .
history
In 1291 the Birkenberg was first mentioned as “ manlehen ze birchiberg”. The castle, located in the center of the medieval mining area on the Birkenberg, was first mentioned in 1347 in the will of Johann Schnewlin the Gresser , whose family were lords of the castle on Birchiburg, as "festi ze Birchiberg". He bequeaths the castle to the sons of his brother Konrad Snewlin von Oberlinden, since his only son is an Augustinian monk. From then on, this branch of the family is called "von Birchiberg". The castle was destroyed around 1377/78. The documents handed down do not give any precise information about the reasons for the destruction. It was suspected that it could have been a kind of punitive action in which the citizens of Freiburg were also involved as part of the Upper Rhine City Association . From 1998 to 2002 the Institute for Prehistory and Early History and Archeology of the Middle Ages at the Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg carried out excavations in the area of the castle, which were funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG).
description
According to the excavation findings by the DFG, the castle complex had a square tower with a side length of around 5.5 to 6 meters and at least one residential building. It was protected on three sides by a mantle wall at least 5 meters high and in the south by a shield wall . A toilet tower with a sewer was built on the west side . Today only remnants of the wall remain from the complex.
literature
- Franz Xaver Kraus : The art monuments of the Grand Duchy of Baden , Volume 6, Tübingen 1904, p. 460 ( digitized version of the Heidelberg University Library ).
- Alfons Zettler , Thomas Zotz : The castles in medieval Breisgau, II. Southern part: half volume AK . Jan Thorbecke Verlag, Ostfildern 2009, ISBN 978-3-7995-7366-5 , pp. 87-104.
- Matthias Fröhlich: Castle and Mining. The excavation of the Birchiburg near Bollschweil. In: Journal of Archeology of the Middle Ages. 31 (Bonn 2003), pp. 208-210.
- Matthias Fröhlich, Heiko Steuer : Castles and mining - at the end of the excavations at the “Birchiburg” in Bollschweil-St. Ulrich, Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald district. In: Archaeological excavations in Baden-Württemberg. 2002 (Stuttgart 2003), pp. 238-243.
- Heiko Wagner, Joachim Zeune : Theiss Burgenführer Oberrhein. 66 castles from Basel to Karlsruhe . Konrad Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart 2003, ISBN 3-8062-1710-6 .
- Matthias Fröhlich: Castle and mining in the southern Black Forest. The excavations in the castle on Birkenberg . Jan Thorbecke Verlag, Ostfildern 2013, ISBN 978-3-7995-7370-2 .
Web links
- Entry on Birchiburg in the scientific database " EBIDAT " of the European Castle Institute
- Birchiburg website
- Bollschweil-St. Ulrich - Birchiburg at breisgau-burgen.de
- Birchiburg at alemannische-seiten.de
Individual evidence
- ^ Gert Goldenberg and Matthias Fröhlich: The Birkenberg near Bollschweil-St. Ulrich . Ed .: "Friends of Castle and Mining - the Birchiburg in Bollschweil eV", p. 17 ff.
- ↑ Citizens buy noble castles: The example of the Snewlin family in Freiburg , minutes of the seminar meeting on June 29, 2005, Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg, Historical Seminar, Regional History Department, Prof. Dr. Thomas Zotz