Tauben-Täubling
| Tauben-Täubling | ||||||||||||
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Pigeon blubber ( Russula grisea ) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Russula grisea | ||||||||||||
| ( Pers. ) Fr. |
The pigeon deaf ( Russula grisea syn. R. palumbina ) is a fungus from the family of the deaf relatives (Russulaceae). It is characterized by a steel-gray to gray-purple hat with an often ocher-colored center and mostly cream-colored lamellas. Another name for this mushroom is gray-violet (frost) blotch .
features
Macroscopic features
The hat is first spherical, later arched and finally spread out. The edge can be curved upwards. The middle of the hat is already depressed early. It reaches a diameter of five to eleven centimeters. The color ranges from blackish olive and deep purple-gray to iron-gray to almost purple or gray-olive. Pale forms are tinted cream-olive. The middle of the hat is often discolored. Often the hats have a similar reddish tone as the meat-red edible deaf ( R. vesca ). They have dark or lighter colored olive, ocher, straw-colored or reddish spots.
The wrinkled hat skin is frosted and only moist in wet weather, otherwise dry. It has grown in the middle and can only be peeled off halfway at most. The skin is often torn so that the flesh underneath appears red-violet. The brim of the hat is relatively regular, smooth and often bent. In old age he is called. The consistency of the hat meat is firm and quite hard.
The lamellas are cream-colored or, less often, cream-white. They are thin and more or less crowded. In addition, they are very fragile. The leaves are mixed with free, often forked or overgrown short lamellae, especially near the stem.
The stem is colored white, but can sometimes appear purple, reddish-purple or watery red. It is quite short, four to nine centimeters long and between 1.2 and 3.2 centimeters thick. It tends to turn a little yellow, brown or brown-red or yellow-brown in color. Towards the base it becomes blotchy on the surface and, especially towards the top, frosted or slightly striped. It is usually full-bodied and hard, but it can become a little hollow with age.
The meat is white but tends to brown a little. Under the hat skin it is colored the same as this or only reddish-violet in some places if it is exposed to the air for a long time. The meat is firm or hard and thick; however, it becomes brittle with age. It smells insignificant. The taste is mild or somewhat spicy in the lamellae. It turns red-orange with iron sulfate .
The spore powder is off-white. In a thicker layer, it appears buttery yellow.
Microscopic features
The spores are colorless and relatively small at 6.5-8 (9.2) × (5) 5.5-6.5 micrometers. The surface is covered with warts or spines, which can be united as chains, so that the drawing appears zebra-patterned or sometimes almost like a network. The warts are later almost rectangular or conical. Sometimes they are a little amyloid . The cystids are bulbous, occasionally club-shaped.
Species delimitation
The pigeon pigeon can be confused with the female pigeon ( R. cyanoxantha ), which, however, has noticeably elastic and greasy lamellae. The similar blue-green frost-bled ( R. parazurea ) has more blue or gray-green hat colors. Its surface is frosted more scaby and floury; in old age he smells of cheese. A certain distinguishing feature is the pale pinkish-brown discoloration with iron sulfate . Confusion is also possible with the parrot-deafling ( R. ionochlora ), which is closely related to the deaf-deafling and has also been described as its variation. This has a yellow-green middle of the hat and a mostly pink to purple edge, which has purer colors than the pigeon-deaf. In addition, the meat under the hat skin is white and the spore powder is creamy white.
ecology
The Tauben-Täubling is a heat-loving species that can be found in corresponding beech , fir-beech and oak-hornbeam forests ; Sometimes it occurs in spruce forests as well as in parks, cemeteries and similar biotopes.
The fungus prefers shallow to medium-sized, fresh and mildly humic soils in the neutral to basic pH range, which are moderately to strongly alkaline and calcareous as well as slightly to moderately nutrient-rich. The Tauben-Täubling can be found on corresponding brown loam rendzines , terra fusca from light to heavily lignified lime, brown and parabrown soils, and pelosols on limestone , marl and base-rich rock.
Doves Täubling is a mycorrhizal -Pilz which mostly with deciduous trees such as oaks , red and hornbeam communicates. It can be observed that the preferred tree species varies significantly depending on the region. It also occurs less frequently under spruce trees . The fruiting bodies are formed between late May and mid-September. Seldom copies appear up to a month later.
distribution
The Tauben-Täubling is distributed meridional to boreal in the Holarctic . It can be found in Europe, North and West Asia and North Africa (Morocco, Algeria). In Europe, the area extends from France, the Netherlands and Great Britain (north to the Hebrides ) in the west to Belarus in the east. To the south, the distribution extends to Spain, the Balearic Islands , Italy, Greece and Romania; to the north it extends to Norway, Sweden and Finland.
In Germany, the fungus is widespread from Ostholstein to the Alpine foothills with different densities. It is absent in regions with low-base sands such as acidic coniferous forests. Instead, the closely related parrot deafblings ( R. ionochlora ) can be found there.
Systematics
Inquiry systematics
The Tauben-Taubling is the type species of the subsection Griseinae , a subsection of the section Heterophyllea . The subsection contains medium to large species with gray, green, purple or olive colored hats. The mildly tasting mushrooms have slightly sharp lamellae, their spore powder is cream-colored to ocher.
Subspecies and varieties
The Tauben-Täubling is very variable, so that several intraspecific taxa have been described by it.
| variety | author | description |
|---|---|---|
| Russula grisea var. Pictipes | ( Cooke ) Romagnesi | The variety has a two- to three-colored stem, violet above, olive green below and white in between. The colors are retained even after drying. |
| Russula grisea var. Iodes | Romagnesi | is characterized by more purple-brown to purple-violet hat tones and a more or less velvety surface. Further features are the gray-pink discoloration with iron sulfate and the predominantly partially wetted spores. The var. Parazuroides ad inter, nom. nud. can be found under birch, chestnut, oak and linden trees. Krieglsteiner et al. however, only allow var. iodes a certain independence. |
meaning
The Tauben-Täubling is edible.
literature
- Edmund Michael, Bruno Hennig, Hanns Kreisel: Handbook for mushroom friends. Volume five: Agaric mushrooms - milk lice and deaf lions. 2nd Edition. Fischer, Stuttgart 1983, ISBN 3-437-30350-3 .
- German Josef Krieglsteiner (Eds.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Cvetomir M. Denchev & Boris Assyov: Checklist of the larger basidiomycetes in Bulgaria . In: Mycotaxon . tape 111 , 2010, ISSN 0093-4666 , p. 279–282 ( online [PDF; 592 kB ; accessed on August 31, 2011]).
- ↑ Belgian Species List 2012 - Russula grisea. In: species.be. Retrieved June 7, 2012 .
- ↑ Z. Tkalcec & A. Mesic: Preliminary checklist of Agaricales from Croatia V: . Families Crepidotaceae, Russulaceae and Strophariaceae. In: Mycotaxon . tape 88 , 2003, ISSN 0093-4666 , p. 292 ( online [accessed August 31, 2011]). online ( Memento of the original from September 24, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Estonian eBiodiversity Species description Russula grisea. In: elurikkus.ut.ee. Retrieved June 13, 2012 .
- ↑ Worldwide distribution of Russula grisea. (No longer available online.) In: data.gbif.org. Archived from the original on January 29, 2016 ; Retrieved August 19, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Pertti Salo, Tuomo Niemelä, Ulla Nummela-Salo: SY769 Suomen helttasienten ja tattien ekologia, levinneisyys ja uhanalaisuus . (Finnish lamellar and tube mushrooms: ecology, distribution and threat status). Ed .: Esteri Ohenoja. 2005, ISBN 952-11-1997-7 (Finnish, ymparisto.fi [PDF]).
- ^ German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.), Andreas Gminder, Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg. Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 , p. 455.
- ↑ Gordana Kasom & Mitko Karadelev: Survey of the family Russulaceae (Agaricomycetes, Fungi) in Montenegro . In: Warsaw Versita (ed.): Acta Botanica Croatica . tape 71 , no. (2) , 2012, ISSN 0365-0588 , p. 1–14 ( online [PDF]). online ( Memento of the original from April 27, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Grid map of Russula grisea. In: NBN Gateway / data.nbn.org.uk. Retrieved June 2, 2014 .
- ↑ Russula grisea in the PILZOEK database. In: pilzoek.de. Retrieved August 19, 2011 .
- ↑ Mushrooms and Fungi of Poland Index: R. . In: grzyby.pl . Archived from the original on September 14, 2011. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved August 22, 2011.
- ^ NMV Verspreidingsatlas online: Russula grisea. In: verspreidingsatlas.nl. Retrieved June 2, 2014 .
Web links
- Pigeon of the week # 16: Pigeon Pigeon. In: pilzepilze.de. Retrieved August 20, 2011 (good photos of Russula grisea , showing the fungus in all its variety).
- Russulales News / Russula grisea. In: mtsn.tn.it. Retrieved August 20, 2011 (English, photos and original Latin diagnosis).
- J. Schäffer: Russula grisea. Russula monograph. In: Annales Mycologici Volume 31 / cybertruffle.org.uk. 1933, p. 340 , accessed August 20, 2011 .
- R. Singer: Russula grisea. (PDF) Monograph of the genus Russula. In: Supplements to the Botanisches Centralblatt (1932). A. Pascher, p. 356 , accessed August 20, 2011 .
- Russula grisea. In: Funghi in Italia / funghiitaliani.it. Retrieved on May 9, 2014 (Italian, photos from Tauben-Täubling).
