Hard cinnabar blubber
Hard cinnabar blubber | ||||||||||||
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Hard cinnabar blubber ( Russula rosea ) |
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Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Russula rosea | ||||||||||||
Pers. |
The hard cinnabar deaf ( Russula rosea , syn. Russula lepida ) is a fungus from the family of the deaf relatives . It is easy to recognize with its pink, matt, velvety hat, the reddish-tinged handle and the very firm flesh.
features
Macroscopic features
The hat of the hard cinnabar blubber is 6–10 cm wide. It is hemispherical when young, then arched flat to spread out. In old age it can sometimes be a little deepened. The hat skin is smooth, dull, fine-velvety matt and often cracks open when dry. The surface is intensely light vermilion to scarlet red or pink, sometimes also frosted whitish. But the middle is often pale in cream color. The hat skin is as good as not removable.
The lamellae are whitish, later also cream-colored and often have a reddish edge near the edge of the hat. They are rounded to grown and are rather crowded. The spore powder is whitish to pale cream-colored ( IIa according to Romagnesi )
The stem is 3–9 cm long and 1–4 cm wide, white, but mostly tinged with pink to reddish. It is full, firm and almost hard and fine flaky. The meat is white, remarkably hard and firm and fleshy. After prolonged chewing, it tastes slightly bitter and a bit like pencil wood (cedar wood), especially in the lamellae. The smell is not particularly noticeable, but when cooked it can be turpentine-like.
Microscopic features
Spores broadly elliptical to almost spherical, 8–10 µm long and 7–8 µm wide. The prickly, dense warts are up to 0.5 μm high and connected to one another via lines and ridges to form a well-developed network. There are many pileocystids in the cap skin , which can be cylindrical, conical, spindle-shaped or narrowly club-shaped, but not or hardly staining with sulfovanillin . Primordialhyhae can also be detected in the hat skin, i.e. hyphae that are encrusted with crystalline secretions that can be stained with a fuchsia color. The colored, granular granules, however, are sparse and scattered and easy to miss.
Species delimitation
The mushroom has many clear characteristics - the hat color, the dull, dry, non-removable hat skin, the reddish overflowing handle, the very hard, only slightly bitter flesh with the typical taste of pencil wood - so that, with sufficient attention, it will not match any other red blubber can be confused. The equally bright red Speitblinge have exactly opposite properties for many features: the hat skin is sticky and shiny and can be peeled off completely or very far, the meat is soft and fragile and they taste sharp.
The rare ocher-leaved cinnabar deafblings ( Russula pseudointegra ) is similar . It also has a red, velvety matt hat, but its lamellae are ocher yellow, at least when ripe. The spore powder is also a rich ocher yellow. It tastes bitter and also a little bit pungent. The also rare spicy vermilion deaf ( Russula pungens ) tastes clearly spicy and its flesh turns gray after a while.
ecology
The hard cinnabar deaf, like all deaf, is a mycorrhizal fungus that mainly forms a symbiosis with beech . It seldom enters into a partnership with oaks , even more rarely with hornbeams or other deciduous trees.
The mushroom is a character species of the European beech forest and occurs mainly in woodruff beech forests and not in acidic beech forests . It can also be found in bedstraw pine forests and (rarely) in orchid or sedge-beech forests . Occasionally, it also occurs in hornbeam-oak forests, on forest paths, forest clearings and in parks.
The fungus likes weakly acidic to neutral pH values, but also tolerates acidic to weakly alkaline ones. The soils should be flat or medium, moderately dry to fresh and not too nutritious. The hard cinnabar deaf is not too picky, however, and gets along with sandy soils as well as with humus brown loam rendzines , brown and parabrown soils over sandstone, granites and gneisses, basalts, marls and limestone. The fruiting bodies appear from July to October and rarely sooner or later. They are mainly found in the hilly and lower mountain regions.
distribution
The hard cinnabar deaf is a Holarctic species that occurs in the northern hemisphere on all continents in the eco-zone # The individual eco-zones # meridional and temperate climatic zones. The species has been found in North Asia (Israel, Caucasus, Siberia, Russia-Far East, Korea and Japan), in North America (USA), in North Africa (Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia) and in Europe. It was also found in Madeira. The European distribution of the hard cinnabar pigeon corresponds to that of the European beech, its preferred mycorrhizal partner.
In Germany, the fungus can be found from the foothills of the Alps to the Danish border. In the south it is moderately widespread, in the north German lowlands it is rare.
Systematics
The Latin species attribute ( epithet ) " rosea " means pink or rose-red, while the species attribute " lepida " , which is still frequently used , can be translated as magnificent or graceful.
Inquiry systematics
The hard cinnabar deaf is the type species of the subsection Lepidinae , which is within the section Lilaceae ( Incrustata ). The representatives of this subsection are large or medium-sized, mild-tasting species. Their hat is usually red or reddish and often frosted.
Subspecies and varieties
The following table lists the subspecies and varieties of the hard cinnabar blubber.
variety | author | description |
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R. rosea var. Speciosa | Zvara | Colors similar to the type, but a little paler and fading more yellowish in the end. Meat becomes less firm and softens quickly. Stem finely wrinkled, pink overflowing with yellowing and rust spots. Spores in the approx. 8 × 7.5 µm, ornamented more or less like a comb. |
R. rosea var. Salmonea | Zvara | Also under oaks with a salmon-colored to pale pink hat. |
R. rosea var. Sapinea | Zvara | Under fir trees with a red-brown hat and pale saffron-yellow slats. |
R. rosea var. Alba | Source | Under the beech as an albino shape with a more ocher-colored hat, otherwise like the guy. |
R. rosea var. Lactea | ( Pers. ) Møll. & J.Schaef. | The hat is 5–6 cm wide, whitish cream-colored, sometimes almost yellowish-olive on the edge, rarely slightly pink in the middle. Stalk firm, yellowing or browning to the touch. The meat is very similar to type, as is the smell and taste. The spores have higher prickly warts or these are finely connected in a network. |
meaning
The hard cinnabar blubber is edible, but hard-fleshed and not very tasty; for larger quantities, scalding is recommended.
literature
- Marcel Bon (ed.): Parey's book of mushrooms . Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-09970-9 , pp. 60 .
- Russula lepida- Partial Russula Database. In: cbs.knaw.nl. CBS Fungual Biodiversity Center, accessed May 14, 2011 .
- H. Romagnesi: Russula lepida. In: Les Russules d'Europe et d'Afrique du Nord (1967). MycoBank, the Fungal website, accessed May 14, 2011 (French).
Web links
- Spore drawing of Russula rosea by H. Romagnesi (1967). In: cbs.knaw.nl. CBS Fungual Biodiversity Center, accessed May 14, 2011.
- Dew of the week # 20: Hard cinnabar dew. In: pilzepilze.de. 2011, accessed on May 14, 2011 (good photos of Russula rosea , showing the whole range of the deaf).
- Russula lepida - Funghi in Italia. In: funghiitaliani.it. 2011, accessed on May 14, 2011 (Italian, Gute Fotos vom Harten Zinnober-Täubling).
- Russulales News / Russula lepida. In: Russulales News . Bart Buyck, accessed on June 1, 2014 (English, photos, nomenclature and original Latin diagnosis).
- Karin Montag: The hard cinnabar deaf (Russula rosea) in the virtual mushroom book. In: Tintling.com . Retrieved June 1, 2014 .
Individual evidence
- ^ A b c Hermann Jahn: Mushrooms all around: Harter Zinnober-Täubling. (PDF; 6.1 MB) In: pilzbriefe.de. Westfälische Mushroom Letters, p. 184 [No. 246] , accessed May 14, 2011 .
- ↑ Hans E. Laux (Ed.): The Cosmos PilzAtlas . Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-440-10622-5 , p. 186 .
- ^ Roger Phillips: Russula lepida. RogersMushrooms. (No longer available online.) In: rogersmushrooms.com. Archived from the original on January 21, 2015 ; accessed on May 14, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Ewald Gerhart (Ed.): Pilze . tape 1 : Lamellar fungi, deafblings, milklings and other groups with lamellae . BLV Verlagsgesellschaft, Munich / Vienna / Zurich 1984, ISBN 3-405-12927-3 , p. 276 .
- ↑ a b German Josef Krieglsteiner (ed.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 , p. 493.
- ↑ Basidiomycota Checklist-Online - Russula lepida. In: basidiochecklist.info. Retrieved September 25, 2012 .
- ↑ Cvetomir M. Denchev, Boris Assyov: Checklist of the larger basidiomycetes in Bulgaria . In: Mycotaxon . tape 111 , 2010, ISSN 0093-4666 , p. 279–282 ( mycotaxon.com [PDF; 578 kB ; accessed on August 31, 2011]).
- ↑ Z. Tkalcec, A. Mesic: Preliminary checklist of Agaricales from Croatia V: . Families Crepidotaceae, Russulaceae and Strophariaceae. In: Mycotaxon . tape 88 , 2003, ISSN 0093-4666 , p. 295 ( cybertruffle.org.uk [accessed August 31, 2011]).
- ^ Estonian eBiodiversity Species description Russula lepida. In: elurikkus.ut.ee. Archived from the original on February 13, 2013 ; accessed on June 13, 2012 .
- ↑ Worldwide distribution of Russula lepida. (No longer available online.) In: data.gbif.org. Archived from the original on July 9, 2015 ; Retrieved August 21, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Elias Polemis et al: Mycodiversity studies in selected ecosystems of Greece: 5. (PDF; 330 kB) Basidiomycetes associated with woods dominated by Castanea sativa (Nafpactia Mts., Central Greece). In: Mycotaxon 115 / mycotaxon.com. 2008, p. 16 ff , accessed on August 22, 2011 .
- ↑ Gordana Kasom, Mitko Karadelev: Survey of the family Russulaceae (Agaricomycetes, Fungi) in Montenegro . In: Warsaw Versita (ed.): Acta Botanica Croatica . tape 71 , no. (2) , 2012, ISSN 0365-0588 , p. 1–14 ( versita.metapress.com [PDF]). versita.metapress.com ( Memento of the original from April 27, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Russula rosea in the PilzOek database. In: pilzoek.de. Retrieved August 21, 2011 .
- ^ TV Andrianova and others: Russula lepida. Fungi of Ukraine. (No longer available online.) In: www.cybertruffle.org.uk/ukrafung/eng. 2006, archived from the original on November 27, 2015 ; accessed on May 3, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ NMV Verspreidingsatlas online: Russula lepida. In: verspreidingsatlas.nl. Retrieved September 25, 2012 .
- ^ Karl Ernst Georges: roseus . In: Comprehensive Latin-German concise dictionary . tape 1 . Hanover 1913, Sp. 2410 ( zeno.org ).
- ^ Karl Ernst Georges: lepidus . In: Comprehensive Latin-German concise dictionary . tape 1 . Hanover 1913, Sp. 618 ( zeno.org ).
- ^ Monographic Key to European Russulas (1988). (PDF; 1.4 MB) In: English translation by M. Bons Russula key :. The Russulales Website, p. 82 , archived from the original on July 28, 2010 ; Retrieved May 14, 2011 .