Gooseberry Bluebird

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Gooseberry Bluebird
2011-07-31 Russula queletii.jpg

Gooseberry Bluebird ( Russula queletii )

Systematics
Class : Agaricomycetes
Subclass : insecure position (incertae sedis)
Order : Russulales (Russulales)
Family : Deaf relatives (Russulaceae)
Genre : Russulas ( Russula )
Type : Gooseberry Bluebird
Scientific name
Russula queletii
Frieze

The gooseberry blubber ( Russula queletii ) is a type of mushroom from the family of the blubber relatives (Russulaceae). It is a medium-sized, very hot-tasting deaf with cream-colored spore powder and the characteristic smell of gooseberry compote. The hat is usually purple, the handle is crimson and the cream-colored lamellae become dirty green spots when injured. The typical spruce companion has isolated prickly spores. It bears its specific epithet in honor of the French mycologist Lucien Quélet .

features

Macroscopic features

The gooseberry blubber's hat is (2) 5-8 (10) cm in diameter. In youth it is first hemispherical, then arched and later spread out. In old age, the middle of the hat is often deepened and sometimes slightly blunt. The hat skin is greasy to sticky, at least when it is damp, and shiny for a long time when wet. When dry, it can also be dull and slightly bumpy. It can be peeled off halfway. The hat is usually purple-pink to cloudy wine-red in color, but it can also be purple-brown and even have olive tones. In old age and with heavy watering, the hat bleaches a lot and then turns yellowish green or pinkish gray.

The lamellae are whitish when young and later cream-colored, if injured they can also turn slightly dirty green. They are 3.5–7.5 mm high, are relatively crowded and are partially mixed in. The lamellas are either not bifurcated at all or only forked directly on the handle. The spore powder is cream-colored ( IIc-IId according to Romagnesi ).

The stem is (3) 5–7 cm long and 0.5–20 mm wide. It is strikingly carmine to almost purple in color. This is why the mushroom was also given the name of drunkard nose. When wet, if it is completely moistened, it can also turn gray. The consistency of the stem is rather soft and usually a bit spongy with age.

The flesh is whitish (moist gray) and colored purple-pink to purple-red under the cap skin. The fruity smell is typical of the species. The mushroom smells clearly of apple or gooseberry compote, especially when it dries. The taste is sharp to very sharp. The meat turns reddish in color with iron sulfate and also reacts with guaiac within 2 to 3 minutes.

Microscopic features

The spores are more or less spherical (8–10 × 7–9 µm) and covered with almost pointed warts up to 1 (1.5) µm high. The warts are isolated and are not connected to one another like a network. Only fine lines can be present between the warts. The basidia measure 50–60 × 8.5–11 (–15) ​​µm and have four 4–5 µm wide sterigms . The cystidia are 51–75 µm long and 10–11 µm wide, bulbous or cylindrical-club-shaped, pointed above, rarely somewhat blunt. Old cystids grow up to 100/17 μm in size. In sulfovanillin, the cystidia turn almost entirely blue. The apiculus measures 1.25 × 1 µm, the clearly amyloid and warty hillock is irregular and about 3.25 µm long and 2 µm wide.

The 5–8 (10) µm wide, more or less cylindrical to clubbed or almost nodular pileocystids are elongated and often appendiculated. Some Pileocystiden are one or two times septate. The hyphal end cells are quite variable, about 2–5 µm wide and more or bulbous or teat-shaped.

Species delimitation

The rare dark red gooseberry pigeon Russula fuscorubroides has a darker hat color, purple-black in the middle, which hardly fades even with age. The lamellae do not green and the warts of the spores are partially connected to one another in burrs.
Also very rare is the much larger and stronger wolf-blubber Russula torulosa . His hat is shiny purple-violet, his handle blue-violet and squat, and his lamellas a cloudy ocher. The mushroom smells strongly of apples and hardly tastes hot. The warts of the spores are connected to one another like a network.
The lemon- leaved blubber or teardrop Russula sardonia Fr. is very similar to the wolf's blubber , but the stem is significantly longer and more purple-violet in color. The smell is inconspicuous and the taste is very sharp, but often only after prolonged chewing. The spores have an incomplete network drawing. The fungus is very common in acid pine forests, its spore powder is creamy yellow.

ecology

The gooseberry pigeon, like all pigeons, is a mycorrhizal fungus, which usually forms a symbiosis with spruce , less often with other conifers such as larch ( Larix ), fir ( Abies ) and pine ( Pinus sylvestris ). The species is usually found gregarious among spruce trees from July to October, preferably in more humid places in the moss. The gooseberry blubber prefers calcareous soils and the mountainous region, but is rare in the lowlands.

distribution

European countries with evidence of finding of the gooseberry pigeon.
Legend:
  • Countries with found reports
  • Countries without evidence
  • no data
  • non-European countries

    • The gooseberry blubber is a Holarctic species with a meridional to boreal distribution area. The Täubling occurs in North Asia (Caucasus, Eastern Siberia, Russia-Far East), North America (USA, Mexico), North Africa and Europe. In Europe it is distributed in the south from Portugal to Romania, in the west from France via the Benelux countries and Great Britain to the Hebrides and in the east to Belarus. In the north it occurs throughout Fennoscandinavia . The northern limit of its range is in Lapland .

    In Germany, the Täubling is very rare in the northern flat and hill country, is well distributed from the low mountain range and is widespread south of the Main.

    Systematics

    Inquiry systematics

    Within the Firmae section , the gooseberry pigeon is placed in the Sanguinae subsection (after Bon ). This subsection combines pungent-tasting pigeons with red to purple hats and cream to ocher-colored spore powder.

    Varieties and forms

    The following forms and varieties have been described:

    variety author description
    Russula queletii var. Procera Nicolaj 1976 Very similar to the type, but due to the particularly long handle with a slimmer appearance.
    Russula queletii f. gracilis Nicolaj 1976 Very similar to the type species, but slimmer and more fragile. The shape can easily be confused with Russula gracillima , the delicate birch blubber .
    Russula queletii f. albocitrina Barber 1904 The shape has a sulfur yellow hat and a pure white stem.
    Russula queletii var. Atropurpurea Bres. The variety is synonymous with Russula torulosa , the wolf's deaf.
    Russula queletii var. Flavovirens ( J. Bommer & M. Rousseau ) Maire The hat, which is initially convex and then flat, is 4–5 cm wide. It's quite meaty, but thin on the edge. The hat skin is lemon yellow to greenish in color and not sticky. It can only be peeled off at the edge, underneath the meat is white. The lamellae are free on the stem, they are more or less uniform, sometimes forked and first white and then yellowish. When touched, they turn green. The white stem is short and about 1–2 cm thick. The meat tastes bitter and very hot.
    Russula queletii var. Fuscorubra Bres. 1929 The variety is synonymous with Russula fuscorubra , the dark wolf-deaf , which is no longer regarded as an independent species, but as a synonym for the wolf-deaf Russula torulosa .
    Russula queletii var. Torulosa (Bres.) Singer (1932) The variety is synonymous with Russula torulosa , the wolf's deaf.

    meaning

    The gooseberry blubber is not an edible mushroom and, like all sharp-tasting blubberies, it is suspected of being poisonous. Its consumption can lead to more or less severe digestive problems, especially nausea, gastrointestinal cramps, vomiting and diarrhea.

    literature

    • Marcel Bon (ed.): Parey's book of mushrooms . Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-09970-9 , pp. 74 .

    Individual evidence

    1. ^ Synonyms of Russula queletii. In: Species Fungorum / speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved August 28, 2011 .
    2. ↑ Hans E. Laux (Ed.): The Cosmos PilzAtlas . Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-440-10622-5 , p. 186 .
    3. ↑ a b c Russula queletii. (DOC) Russulas. Micologia.biz Web de micología Europea, p. 107 , accessed on August 28, 2011 (Spanish).
    4. ↑ R. Singer: Russula quelitii. (PDF) Monograph of the genus Russula. In: Supplements to the Botanisches Centralblatt (1932). A. Pascher, 1932, pp. 285-287 , accessed August 28, 2011 .
    5. ^ H. Romagnesi: Russula queletii. Les Russules d'Europe et d'Afrique du Nord (1967). In: mycobank.org The Fungal website. Retrieved August 28, 2011 (French).
    6. ↑ a b Russula queleti. (PDF (1.4 MB)) Monographic Key to European Russulas (1988). In: The Russulales website w3.uwyo.edu. P. 36 , archived from the original on July 28, 2010 ; Retrieved August 28, 2011 (English, translation by M. Bon's Russula key).
    7. ↑ Belgian Species List 2018. Species: Russula queletii Fr. 2018, accessed on April 17, 2018 (Täubling rare: Vulnerable).
    8. ↑ Cvetomir M. Denchev & Boris Assyov: Checklist of the larger basidiomycetes in Bulgaria . In: Mycotaxon . tape 111 , 2010, ISSN  0093-4666 , p. 279–282 ( mycotaxon.com [PDF; accessed August 31, 2011]).
    9. ↑ Z. Tkalcec & A. Mesic: Preliminary checklist of Agaricales from Croatia V: . Families Crepidotaceae, Russulaceae and Strophariaceae. In: Mycotaxon . tape 88 , 2003, ISSN  0093-4666 , p. 295 ( org.uk [accessed August 31, 2011]). Preliminary checklist of Agaricales from Croatia V: ( Memento of the original from December 15, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.cybertruffle.org.uk
    10. ↑ Estonian eBiodiversity Species description Russula queletii. In: elurikkus.ut.ee. Retrieved June 13, 2012 .
    11. ↑ Worldwide distribution of Russula queletii. In: data.gbif.org. Retrieved August 21, 2011 .
    12. ^ German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.), Andreas Gminder , Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 , p. 570.
    13. ↑ Gordana Kasom & Mitko Karadelev: Survey of the family Russulaceae (Agaricomycetes, Fungi) in Montenegro . In: Warsaw Versita (ed.): Acta Botanica Croatica . tape 71 , no. (2) , 2012, ISSN  0365-0588 , p. 1–14 ( online [PDF]). online ( Memento of the original from April 27, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / versita.metapress.com
    14. ↑ Nahuby.sk - Atlas hub - Russula queletii. In: nahuby.sk. Retrieved September 29, 2012 .
    15. ↑ Grid map of Russula queletii. (No longer available online.) In: NBN Gateway / data.nbn.org.uk. Formerly in the original ; accessed on September 29, 2012 (English).  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / data.nbn.org.uk  
    16. ↑ Russula queletii in the PilzOek database. In: pilzoek.de. Retrieved August 21, 2011 .
    17. ↑ NMV Verspreidingsatlas online: Russula queletii. In: verspreidingsatlas.nl. Retrieved June 9, 2012 .
    18. ↑ Blood, bile and tears. Blades Part 6 - Sharp Cream Spurs. Der Tintling 96, issue 5/2015, pp. 19–30
    19. ↑ Russula queletii var. Procera. In: Index Fungorum / indexfungorum.org. Retrieved August 28, 2011 .
    20. ↑ Russula queletii f. albocitrina. (No longer available online.) In: Russulales News / mtsn.tn.it. Formerly in the original ; Retrieved August 28, 2011 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.mtsn.tn.it  
    21. ↑ Russula queletii var. Atropurpurea. (No longer available online.) In: Russulales News / mtsn.tn.it. Formerly in the original ; Retrieved August 28, 2011 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.mtsn.tn.it  
    22. ↑ Russula queletii var. Flavovirens. In: MycoBank / mycobank.org. Retrieved August 28, 2011 .
    23. ↑ a b Russula torulosa. (No longer available online.) In: Russulales News / mtsn.tn.it. Formerly in the original ; Retrieved August 28, 2011 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.mtsn.tn.it  

    Web links

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