Rychtal
Rychtal | ||
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Basic data | ||
State : | Poland | |
Voivodeship : | Greater Poland | |
Powiat : | Kępno | |
Geographic location : | 51 ° 9 ' N , 17 ° 51' E | |
Residents : | 1300 () | |
Postal code : | 63-630 | |
Telephone code : | (+48) 62 | |
License plate : | PKE | |
Economy and Transport | ||
Street : | Namysłów - Kępno | |
Next international airport : | Wroclaw | |
Gmina | ||
Gminatype: | Rural community | |
Gmina structure: | 10 school offices | |
Surface: | 96.75 km² | |
Residents: | 3833 (Jun. 30, 2019) |
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Population density : | 40 inhabitants / km² | |
Community number ( GUS ): | 3008062 | |
Administration (as of 2015) | ||
Community leader : | Czesław Stanisław Balcerzak | |
Address: | Rynek 1 63-630 Rychtal |
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Website : | rychtal.pl |
Rychtal (German: Reichthal , until 1918 and from 1939 to 1945 Reichtal ) is a village and seat of the rural community of the same name in the powiat Kępiński , Poland. The place has around 1300 inhabitants. The surrounding landscape is known as the Reichthaler Ländchen and belonged to the province of Silesia until 1920 .
geography
Rychtal is located in the Greater Poland Voivodeship , right on the border with the Opole Voivodeship . The place is on the road from Namysłów to Kępno , about 26 kilometers northeast of Namysłów, and is crossed by the Studnice River . To the north is the Lasy Rychtalskie forest reserve. This approximately 470 km² area in the shape of a triangle is bounded by the corner points Ostrów Wielkopolski , Oleśnica and Kluczbork .
history
The previous settlement of Reichthal was a place called Będłowice / Bandlovici . The area was owned by the Teutonic Order in 1222 . Heinrich I, Duke of Breslau, opened the area in a contract dated June 19, 1233 for the German East Settlement , and thus also for people from the Walloon region and France . These colonized the multitude of villages and founded cities. Gradually they were absorbed by the Slav population. Although Germans also moved in again and again , the Slavic origins were retained.
The first city was founded in 1294 . This was not very successful. In 1386 a new foundation took place. In the Middle Ages , the population adopted the Polish language. Until 1810, the city was owned by the bishops of Wroclaw . There was a village church, several chapels, a Catholic school and a brewery.
In 1885 the city had 1,317 inhabitants, most of whom were Catholic, but over 200 Protestants also lived in Reichthal. Shoemaking was named as the most important branch of business, and agriculture was also pursued . Most of the residents had Polish surnames; German and Polish were spoken. In the 19th century, more and more people moved from Reichthal to what was then abroad, some to the Kingdom of Saxony , others to the Ruhr area .
Until 1920 Reichthal belonged to the Namslau district . With the re-establishment of the Polish state after the First World War , the Reichthaler Ländchen was assigned to Poland. Since then, the community has belonged to the powiat Kępiński .
The town of Rychtal was now on the border. The regional functions lost their importance. The population shrank to below 1,000. This led to the loss of the town charter on March 23, 1934 .
The legal form of the place was retained during the German occupation from 1939 to 1945. Attempts to reintegrate Reichthal into the Namslau district failed. Many people were harassed for campaigning to preserve the Polish language . They had to endure interrogations by the Gestapo . On January 19, 1945, Reichthal was liberated from the First Ukrainian Front after about a day and a half of fighting for the place . In the course of these fighting, 25 civilians, as well as German and Soviet soldiers, died. The train station, school building and private houses were badly damaged.
After the Second World War , the place became part of Poland .
traffic
In the municipality, the stops Buczek and Rychtal were on the Namysłów – Kępno railway line .
Culture and sights
- Baroque church from 1785
- Town hall from the 19th century
- Episcopal baroque palace from 1770 in Skoroszów
- Wooden church from 1711 in Proszów
- Church from 1751 in Krzyżowniki with a Gothic sculpture of Our Lady
local community
The rural community Rychtal today covers an area of 97 km² and has around 4000 inhabitants. It consists of the localities:
Surname | German name (until 1920) |
German name (1939-1945) |
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Dalanów | Vorwerk Dallenau | Dallenau |
Darnowiec | Dörnberg | Dörnberg |
Drożki | Hackney |
1939–43 Drossen 1943–45 Droske |
Dworzyszcze | Vorwerk Carlshof | Karlshof |
Gierczyce | Friederikenhof | Friederikenhof |
Krzyżowniki | Kreuzendorf |
1939–43 Kreuzendorf 1943–45 Grenzendorf |
Mały Buczek | Klein Butschkau | |
Okrzyce | Friedrichshilf | Friedrichshilf |
Proszów | Proshow | Prossen |
Remiszówka | Remiszowka | |
Rychtal | Reichthal | Rich valley |
Ryniec | Riemberg | Riemberg |
Sadogóra | Schadegur | Garden mountain |
Skoroszów | Skoris |
1939–43 Schellendorf 1943–45 Schnellenberg |
Stogniewice | Herzberg | Herzberg |
Szarlota | Vorwerk Charlottenthal | Charlottental |
Wesoła | Wesola | |
Wielki Buczek | Gross Butschkau | Hohenbusch |
Zgorzelec | Sgorsellitz | Brandetal |
Sons and daughters of the church
- Herbert Volwahsen (1906–1988), sculptor, born in Skorischau
Web links
- Official website of the city of Rychtal
- Rychtal at territorial.de
- Rychtal church records in Polish state archives
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://mapa.szukacz.pl/html1/22/22133.html
- ↑ population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
- ^ Website of the municipality (BIP), Biuletyn Informacji Publicznej , accessed on March 11, 2015