SHP (train protection)

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SHP track magnet
SHP vehicle magnet

SHP ( Samoczynne hamowanie pociągu , translated: Independent braking of the train ) is a warning system that, together with a safety driving control , is used almost everywhere in the PKP network in Poland .

history

To increase safety, a warning system was developed with SHP, which in particular protects multi-section signals and triggers an emergency brake in the event of danger . Since its introduction in 1966, SHP has practically not been further developed.

To increase the safety level, the train control system KHP ( Kontrola hamowania pociągu , translated: control of train braking) was developed and first put into operation in 1984. KHP supplemented SHP with a partially linear transmission, indicated the permitted speed in the driver's cab and triggered an emergency brake if the permitted speed was exceeded. KHP did not get beyond a test operation, which comprised a 200 km route and 40 locomotives .

However, the subsystem Funkstop (Polish: Radio-Stop ) was adopted by KHP and made mandatory for all main-line locomotives in Poland. With Funkstop, dispatchers or train drivers can use the train radio to trigger an emergency brake on all trains within range of the transmitter.

functionality

The SHP track magnets are located 200 m in front of the assigned route or entry signal or directly at the exit signal.
Basic circuit diagram of SHP

vehicle equipment (red):
G generator
C 1 capacitor
L 1 vehicle
magnet (coil) R pulse relay

track equipment (blue):
L 2 track magnet (coil)
C 2 capacitor

Similar to the German Indusi, there is a track magnet for each pre- and main signal . The track magnets are tuned to a resonance frequency of 1000 Hz and, in contrast to the Indusi, are permanently active regardless of the signal position. You are 200 m in front of the assigned route or entry signal . In the case of exit signals , the track magnet is located directly next to the signal, as it is assumed that the train has come to a stop in the station .

The vehicle magnet permanently generates an electromagnetic field with a frequency of 1000 Hz. When a track magnet is driven over, a voltage is induced in it - both when the signal is in motion and when the signal is stopped . The voltage in the vehicle equipment drops sharply due to the reaction of the track magnet on the vehicle magnet. As a result, a signal lamp lights up in the driver's cab and the driver has to press the alert button within three seconds . If this is not done, a horn will sound, and after another two seconds the vehicle will brake automatically.

SHP is not a train control , but a safety driving circuit which, in addition to the time-dependent vigilance control , requires actuation of the vigilance button when passing an open or closed signal. There is thus the risk that a signal indicating a stop will be overrun by pressing the alertness button in good time without emergency braking.

Successor system standardized across Europe

Both SHP and Funkstop will be replaced as soon as possible by corresponding components from the European train control system ETCS , for which a common Specific Transmission Module (STM) has been developed for both systems.

The following routes were converted to ETCS in a first expansion step:

Route section length ETCS level commissioning
acceptance		 comment
( Breslau -) Legnica - Horka ( border station to Germany) 84 km ETCS level 2 2013 Part of the ERTMS corridor F
( Warsaw -) Grodzisk Mazowiecki - Zawiercie 224 km ETCS level 1 2012 Speed ​​up to 200 km / h
Warsaw - Gdynia 340 km Level 2 2015

On branch lines, further operation with SHP and radio stop is planned until at least 2025, since there is no plan to convert to the successor system in the medium term.

In relation to ETCS, SHP is a class B system (Class B system).

Notes, individual references

  1. ↑ More section signal: A signal that the function of pre- and main signal combined
  2. ↑ Bombardier press release of December 21, 2012 , accessed April 7, 2013.

literature