Zawiercie

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Zawiercie
Zawiercie coat of arms
Zawiercie (Poland)
Zawiercie
Zawiercie
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Silesia
Powiat : Zawiercie
Area : 85.20  km²
Geographic location : 50 ° 30 ′  N , 19 ° 25 ′  E Coordinates: 50 ° 30 ′ 0 ″  N , 19 ° 25 ′ 0 ″  E
Height : 300 m npm
Residents : 49,334
(Jun. 30, 2019)
Postal code : 42-400 to 42-431
Telephone code : (+48) 32
License plate : SZA
Economy and Transport
Street : Częstochowa - Krakow
Rail route : Warsaw – Katowice via Czestochowa
Warsaw – Katowice via Włoszczowa
Next international airport : Katowice
Gmina
Gminatype: Borough
Residents: 49,334
(Jun. 30, 2019)
Community number  ( GUS ): 2416021
Administration (as of 2007)
City President : Miroslaw Mazur
Address: ul. Leśna 2
42-400 Zawiercie



Church in Zawiercie

Zawiercie [ zaˈvjɛrt͡ɕɛ ] ( Warthenau during the German occupation from 1941 to 1945 ) is a Polish district town in the Silesian Voivodeship . It has a population of around 51,000 (June 30, 2014) and is an important industrial location as well as a railway and trunk road junction.

geography

Zawiercie is located in the mountains of the Kraków-Czestochowa Jura in the northeast of the Silesian Voivodeship , around 45 km northeast of Katowice and around 70 km northwest of Kraków . The river Warta rises near the town and flows towards Częstochowa .

City structure

Zawiercie is divided into 21 districts:

  • Argentyna
  • Blanowice
  • Borowe Pole
  • Bzów
  • Center
  • Dąbrowica
  • Karlin
  • Kromołów
  • Łośnice
  • Marciszów
  • Miodowa
  • Osiedle Piłsudskiego
  • Pomrożyce
  • Skarżyce
  • Stary Rynek
  • Stawki
  • Osiedle Szymańskiego
  • Osiedle Warty
  • Zuzanka
  • Zuzanka I
  • Żerkowice
  • Przyjaźń

history

Zawiercie was first in 1431 in a document of Opole Duke Bolko V. mentioned. However, as part of Poland, the city ​​remained outside the borders of Silesia except for brief membership in New Silesia 1795–1807 , even if it belongs to the voivodeship of the same name today. Towards the end of the 19th century , two names became established for Zawiercie: the development on the road to Poręba was called “Zawiercie Duże” ( Great Zawiercie ), the development to the right of the Warta , which belonged to the Kromołów municipality , was called “Zawiercie Małe “(Eng. Klein Zawiercie ) called. Kromołów was mentioned in a document as early as 1193 and is now the oldest part of Zawiercie. This place experienced its greatest boom at the beginning of the 19th century, thanks to its linen industry and the settled cloth makers.

During the third partition of Poland , Zawiercie was incorporated into Prussia as part of the so-called Neuschlesien in 1795 . 1807 the city fell, including New Silesia to the newly formed Duchy of Warsaw in order after the Congress of Vienna in 1815 Congress Poland to belong.

On December 1, 1847, Zawiercie was connected to the railway network, which laid the foundation for further industrial development. In addition to this single-track line, a double-track connection was created in 1881, connecting Warsaw with Vienna . Soon afterwards, a station building followed in 1890, which was replaced by the current one in 1914. The infrastructure was also expanded with new roads . The improved conditions prompted the Jewish entrepreneurial family Ginsberg from Berlin to expand a cotton spinning mill built in 1833 and make it competitive. An industrial boom began for the city, which was closely linked to the railway connection, as most of the factories were located on the railway lines in the period that followed. Soon afterwards, in 1875, Carl Brauss opened a synthetic wool factory.

The iron industry in particular was of great importance in Zawiercie, as numerous metalworking companies and ironworks such as the Ferrum smelter emerged in the city and the later parts of the city , which could use the locally exploited iron ore . In addition, large deposits of lignite were found in the urban area , which were also quickly developed for industry. In the growing city, workers' colonies were created by various companies, which were equipped with schools, churches and parks.

By the beginning of the 20th century , Zawiercie had developed into a young and flourishing industrial settlement that was "just" a settlement. Therefore, a lot of effort was made to get Zawiercie town charter, which was granted on July 1, 1915. Thus the city was able to administer itself and to consolidate its political and economic importance through numerous incorporations.

During the First World War , the city occupied by German troops experienced a crisis. Because of the inaccessible sales markets and declining industrial production, numerous jobs were cut and one of the ironworks was closed. Shortages in the supply of the population with food led to a deterioration in living conditions.

Mismanagement and persistent unemployment prevented Zawiercie's situation from improving after the war. In this time of crisis, Zawiercie was even called an extinct city. A small improvement occurred in 1927 when Zawiercie became a county seat and the town's cultural significance increased. Over time, the financial situation eased and, in general, more people found jobs.

During the attack on Poland in 1939, the city was occupied by the Wehrmacht and initially part of the Generalgouvernement . On November 20, 1939, the city finally became part of the province of Silesia and later of the district of Upper Silesia, in violation of international law . This separated Zawiercie from Poland and part of Silesia, although it was never really historically connected to it. In 1941 Zawiercie was renamed Warthenau and the - reduced - district was renamed Warthenau district .

After the liberation by the Red Army in early 1945, Zawiercie came back to Poland. After the Second World War, there were strikes in the city's industrial plants, especially until 1947, because of the poor supply and payment situation. Nevertheless, the city experienced a boom as new businesses were established. In the 1990s, unemployment was a major problem for the city, because although industrial companies such as the Zawiercie smelter were privatized, many, especially unproductive, factories also closed.

traffic

Zawiercie is located at the junction of the Grodzisk Mazowiecki – Zawiercie railway , a high-speed line from the Warsaw – Katowice railway . Passenger traffic towards Tarnowitz has been discontinued.

people

Town twinning

Zawiercie has partnerships with the following cities:

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .