Salmo ohridanus

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Salmo ohridanus
Systematics
Overcohort : Clupeocephala
Cohort : Euteleosteomorpha
Order : Salmonid fish (Salmoniformes)
Family : Salmon fish (Salmonidae)
Genre : Salmo
Type : Salmo ohridanus
Scientific name
Salmo ohridanus
Steindachner , 1892

Salmo Ohridanus is a species from the family of salmon fish (salmonids), which is endemic in the Lake Ohrid at the Albanian - nordmazedonischen occur border. The species is fished intensively and alsogrownin aquaculture , whereby it has also been hybridized with the Ohrid trout ( Salmo letnica )for about 50 years.

features

Salmo ohridanus reaches a length of up to 35 centimeters. The body is yellowish-silvery without markings or with a few light pink X-shaped spots. The lateral line organ runs through 100 to 114 scales, between it and the anal fin lie 11 or 12 scales. On the ploughshare leg , the teeth sit right up to the rear edge. The gill trap has 18 to 22 thorns.

Way of life

The species colonizes the lake up to a depth of 20 meters. In winter they stay in shallow water near the shore. The animals form larger groups. Spawning is released near the shore from December to February.

threat

Salmo ohridanus is listed in the Red List of Endangered Species as Vulnerable , the main threat is the artificial hybridization with Salmo letnica . The status endangered (vulnerable) can also be found in the red list of European freshwater fish from 2011. In a work from 2010 on the fish fauna of Lake Ohrid, it is even listed as endangered.

Phylogeny, taxonomy, systematics

The species was first described by Franz Steindachner in his work About some new and rare fish species from the ichtyological collection of the Imperial and Royal Natural History Court Museum as Salmo ohridanus . Steindachner compares it with the Adriatic trout Salmo obtusirostris , from which it differs in its teeth, the narrower upper jaw, the larger scales, the slimmer caudal peduncle and minor deviations in the shape of the dorsal and anal fin and in the body drawing. He also mentions the local common name "Belvica".

The Russian zoologist Lev Semjonowitsch Berg placed the species in 1910 in a genus Salmothymus newly established by him . The affiliation to Salmo or Salmothymus was controversial for a long time. Slave Hadžišče placed the species in the genus Acantholingua in 1961 with Salmothymus as a subgenus. Based on morphological investigations, some authors confirmed a close relationship to the Adriatic trout, while others referred to numerous deviating characteristics and denied these. Some saw a possible relationship with the East Asian because of similar characteristics Lenok ( Brachymystax lenok ).

A study published in 2002 then provided further evidence of a close relationship between the two Salmo species, which could be substantiated in later studies. According to this, this clade forms a junction basal to the species complex of the trout Salmo trutta in the broader sense, which would have split off from the common species base about four million years ago (compatible with the high geological age of Lake Ohrids). This also secures the position within the Salmo genus .

The second endemic species of the lake, the Ohrid trout ( Salmo letnica ), is, however, much younger and belongs to the Salmo trutta species complex. According to a follow-up investigation in 2014, Salmo obtusirostris is more closely related to the Salmo trutta species complex, so that Salmo ohridanus , as a relic species, would form the sole sister species of this clade.

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Maurice Kottelat , Jörg Freyhof : Handbook of European Freshwater Fishes . Publications Kottelat, Cornol 2007, ISBN 978-2-8399-0298-4 , pp. 424 .
  2. ↑ J. Freyhof & E. Brooks (2011): European Red List of Freshwater Fishes. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. ISBN 978-92-79-20200-1 , doi: 10.2779 / 85903
  3. ↑ Trajce Talevski, Dragana Milosevic, Aleksandra Talevska (2010): Anthropogenic Influence and Conservation Status of Autochthonous Fish Fauna from Lake Ohrid. Balwois Balkan Water Observation and Information System for Decision Support 2010: 1-7.
  4. ↑ Slave Hadžišče (1961): To the knowledge of the Salmothymus ohridanus (Steindachner) (Pisces, Salmonidae). Negotiations of the International Limnology Association 14: 785-791.
  5. ↑ A. Snoj, E. Melkič, p Sušnik, p Muhamedagić, P. Dovc (2002): DNA phylogeny supports revised classification of Salmothymus obtusirostris. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 77 (3): 399-411. doi: 10.1046 / j.1095-8312.2002.00130.x
  6. ↑ S. Sušnik, I. Knizhin, A. Snoj, S. Weiss (2006): Genetic and morphological characterization of a Lake Ohrid endemic, Salmo (Acantholingua) ohridanus with a comparison to sympatric Salmo trutta. Journal of Fish Biology 68 (Supplement A): 2-23. doi: 10.1111 / j.1095-8649.2005.00902.x
  7. ↑ Gašper Pustovrh, Aleš Snoj, Simona Sušnik Bajec (2014): Molecular phylogeny of Salmo of the western Balkans, based upon multiple nuclear loci. Genetics Selection Evolution 46, Article number: 7 (2014). doi: 10.1186 / 1297-9686-46-21

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