Salmo
| Salmo | ||||||||||||
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Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ) |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Salmo | ||||||||||||
| Linnaeus , 1758 |
Salmo is a genus of bony fish fromthe salmon fish family (Salmonidae). The species of the genus occur in Europe, North Africa and West Asia. The genus includes trout ( Salmo trutta ) and Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar ), which are popular food fish .
features
They are elongated fish with a higher than wide body cross-section. The head is relatively small, the mouth crack extends below the eye and the jaws of the males are usually deformed to a hook during the mating season. The tongue and the handle of the ploughshare are toothed, the latter at least in youth. The flanks have numerous dark points, the caudal fin is monochrome. The anal fin has six to nine and a half branched rays. The scales of the lateral line organ are rounded, overlapping and about the same size as the scales above and below.
Way of life
Fish of the genus Salmo are mostly anadromous migratory fish , i.e. they live in the sea, but rise to rivers to spawn . In addition to the anomalous migratory form ("sea trout"), many species also have forms that remain in fresh water ("brook trout", "lake trout"); The different forms are usually not genetically separated, can mate with each other and individuals can switch from one form to another in some species.
Systematics
The systematics within the genus Salmo is very controversial. While some authors recognize only a few species, other authors recognize numerous local populations as species or subspecies. Exact investigations are made more difficult by the occurrence of different forms within a species as well as by the stocking of waters with non-local fish, so that the original distribution areas can no longer be determined in some cases.
species
The following list of species follows for the European species Maurice Kottelat and Jörg Freyhof and for the non-European species Fishbase :
Europe
- Salmo aphelios
- Salmo balcanicus
- Garda trout ( Salmo carpio )
- Salmo cenerinus
- Mediterranean brown trout ( Salmo cetti )
- Salmo ciscaucasicus
- Salmo dentex
- Salmo ezenami
- Salmo farioides
- Ferox trout ( Salmo ferox )
- Salmo fibreni
- Black Sea Trout ( Salmo labrax )
- Ohrid trout ( Salmo letnica )
- Salmo lourosensis
- Salmo lumi
- Salmo macedonicus
- Marbled trout ( Salmo marmoratus )
- Salmo montenigrinus
- Salmo nigripinnis
- Adriatic trout ( Salmo obtusirostris )
- Salmo ohridanus
- Salmo pelagonicus
- Salmo peristericus
- Salmo rhodanensis
- Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar )
- † May trout ( Salmo schiefermuelleri )
- Salmo stomachicus
- Salmo taleri
- Trout ( Salmo trutta )
North africa
West asia
- Abantgöl trout ( Salmo abanticus )
- Salmo chilo
- Salmo euphrataeus Turan et al. , 2014
- Sevan trout ( Salmo ischan )
- Salmo labecula
- Salmo kottelati Turan et al. , 2014
- Salmo munzuricus Turan et al. , 2017
- Salmo okumusi Turan et al. , 2014
- Salmo opimus
- Anatolian trout ( Salmo platycephalus )
- Salmo trutta aralensis
- Amu Darya trout ( Salmo trutta oxianus )
- Salmo tigridis
Individual evidence
- ^ Paul Brohmer , Matthias Schaefer: Fauna von Deutschland. A book of identification of our native fauna . 19th, revised edition. Quelle and Meyer, Heidelberg et al. 1994, ISBN 3-494-01225-3 , p. 522 .
- ↑ a b c d Maurice Kottelat , Jörg Freyhof : Handbook of European Freshwater Fishes . Publications Kottelat, Cornol 2007, ISBN 978-2-8399-0298-4 , pp. 395-396, 401-430 .
- ^ Joseph S. Nelson : Fishes of the world . 4th edition. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken NJ 2006, ISBN 0-471-25031-7 , pp. 203 .
- ↑ Species of the Salmonidae at FishBase
- ↑ a b Doadrio, I., Perea, S. & Yahyaoui, A. (2015): Two new species of Atlantic trout (Actinopterygii, Salmonidae) from Morocco. Graellsia, 71 (2): e031.
Web links
- Salmo on Fishbase.org (English)