Sancaktar Hayrettin Mosque
The Sancaktar Hayrettin Mosque ( Turkish: Sancaktar Hayrettin Camii ) is part of a former Byzantine monastery and is now a mosque in Istanbul . It is believed that the small building was part of the Byzantine Gastria monastery ( Greek Μονῆ τῶν Γαστρίων , Monē tōn Gastríōn , vase monastery).
location
The building is located in the district of Kocamustafapaşa (historically Samatya ) in the Istanbul district of Fatih in the Teberdar Sokak . The mosque is located around 500 meters northeast of the Kocamustafapaşa S-Bahn station .
history
The origins of the building, which was built on the seventh hill of Constantinople overlooking the Sea of Marmara , are uncertain. Legend has it that in 325, Helena , mother of Constantine the Great , returned from Jerusalem with the Holy Cross . She moored in the port tou Psomatheou and left behind a few vases ( gastria ) that contained herbs from Mount Golgotha , where Christ is said to have been crucified. There she founded a monastery. In fact, no monastery was founded in Constantinople before the last quarter of the 4th century AD, so this story is unlikely to be true.
The Gastria monastery was first mentioned at the beginning of the 9th century. At this time Theoktiste , mother of Empress Theodora II (wife of Emperor Theophilos ) and as regent responsible for the restoration of the worship of images , acquired a house in the Samatya district from the patrician Niketas (possibly Nicetas the patrician ) and founded a monastery.
Her daughter Theodora inherited the title of Ktētorissa (founder) and the building. With her daughters Thekla, Anna, Anastasia and Pulcheria, Theodora moved into the monastery in 856 under pressure from her brother Bardas , after she had reigned over her son Michael III. had given to Bardas. Everyone had to accept the tonsure . The eldest daughter Thekla might later have been called back by Michael to the Byzantine court as mistress for Basil I, Emperor Constantine VII. Porphyrogennetus wrote in his book De Ceremoniis in the 10th century that the church of the monastery also served as a mausoleum for members of the family was used by Theodora. The Empress, her brother Petronas , her mother and her three daughters were buried here. According to Constantine VII, the lower jaw of Bardas is said to have been kept in a marble box in the church.
The Gastria monastery was last mentioned before 1453 by a Russian pilgrim who visited the city in the second quarter of the 15th century. It was reminiscent of a monastery near the Golden Gate of the Theodesian Wall , where the relics of St. Euphemia and St. Eudokia were worshiped. The building could have been Gastria.
Shortly after the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople in 1453, Hayrettin Effendi , Sancaktar (standard bearer) of Sultan Mehmed II , converted the building into a mescit , a small mosque without a minbar . The deed of foundation has not been received.
The mosque was partially destroyed in the earthquake in Istanbul in 1894 and was only rebuilt between 1973 and 1976. The restored building also got a minaret.
architecture
Due to its small dimensions, the building cannot have been a church of a monastery, but rather a martyrion or mausoleum, the construction of which can be dated to the palaeologists' time (14th century). The building was erected on the outside over an irregular octagonal floor plan and has a cross-shaped floor plan on the inside with an apse to the east. Light enters through the opposite windows of the cross arms. The windows sit in a blind arch . The masonry consists of alternating rows of brick and stone , which give the exterior the typical banded appearance of the palaeologists' time. Remnants of walls that remained in the northwest and south before the restoration show that the building was not isolated but was connected to other buildings.
literature
- Semavi Eyice : Istanbul. Petite Guide a travers les Monuments Byzantins et Turcs . Istanbul Matbaası, Istanbul 1955
- Lynda Garland: Byzantine Empresses: Women and Power in Byzantium AD 527-1204 . Routledge 1999, ISBN 978-0-415-14688-3
- Raymond Janin: La Géographie Ecclésiastique de l'Empire Byzantin . Part 1: Le Siège de Constantinople et le Patriarcat Oecuménique of Volume 3: Les Églises et les Monastères , Institut Français d'Etudes Byzantines, Paris 1953
- Wolfgang Müller-Wiener : Image lexicon on the topography of Istanbul: Byzantion, Konstantinupolis, Istanbul up to the beginning of the 17th century . Wasmuth, Tübingen 1977, ISBN 978-3-8030-1022-3
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Janin (1953), p. 72
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Müller-Wiener (1977), p. 194
- ^ Ernest Mamboury : The Tourists' Istanbul . Çituri Biraderler Basımevi, Istanbul 1953, p. 257
- ↑ Garland (1999), p. 105
- ↑ Janin (1953), p. 73
- ↑ a b Janin (1953), p. 73
- ↑ Eyice (1955), p. 90.
Coordinates: 41 ° 0 '9.9 " N , 28 ° 56' 4.8" E